摘要
为探索酵素堆肥和液肥在热带土壤和作物生产上,调节土壤理化性质、作物生长发育、产量品质和对自然与生物不良环境抗性的效果,采用盆栽与大田相结合,系统研究了酵素堆肥的材料种类、施用量、生物有机肥种类、酵素液及其材料种类等,对热区土壤和辣椒、黄瓜作物的果实生长、防御酶活性、对干旱、冷害和虫害等的抗性的影响。结果表明:(1)酵素处理的土壤有机质高达2.55%~3.87%,提高了土壤速效氮、磷、钾的含量、pH以及田间持水量,降低了容重,堆肥材料以花生秸秆最好,改良效果随施用量的增大而增大;(2)酵素堆肥处理的辣椒果重比传统方法提高53%~92%,果实的Vc含量是传统施肥处理的1.12倍以上,经济系数达48%以上,比传统施肥法高8%~28%;与海南有机肥相比,酵素堆肥处理的辣椒果重提高了24%;酵素液使黄瓜的果重增加了20%~38%;(3)酵素堆肥和液肥处理提高了辣椒植株的防御酶活性,干旱和冷害下的萎蔫率和萎蔫指数显著低于化肥处理,降低了黄瓜的虫害指数,差异均显著。研究得出,酵素堆肥和液肥既能改良热区土壤的理化性状,又能实现热带作物优质、高产、高抗、安全、生态,在热带地区实现减肥减药和现代化绿色农业的可持续发展。
To explore the effects of Jiaosu compost and liquid fertilizer on the regulation of soil physical and chemical properties,and crop growth in tropical region,a series of pot and field experiments were carried out in Hainan to study the effects of Jiaosu compost materials,application amount,biofertilizer types,Jiaosu solution and their materials on pepper and cucumber.The results show that(1)the soil organic matter under treatments with Jiaosu could reach 2.55%-3.87%,increase the content of available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,pH and field water capacity,and reduce the bulk density,meanwhile,the peanut straw treatment is the best composting material,and the more application amount of the peanut straw is better;(2)the fruit weight under Jiaosu treatment could be increased by 53%-92%compared with the traditional treatment,the Vc content of fruit under Jiaosu treatment is 1.12 times as much as that of the traditional fertilization treatment,and the economic coefficient under Jiaosu compost treatment is over 48%,8%-28%higher than that of the traditional fertilization treatment;compared with Hainan bio-fertilizer,the fruit weight under Jiaosu compost treatment could be increased by 24%and the Jiaosu solution increases fruit weight by 20%-38%of cucumber;(3)Jiaosu compost and liquid fertilizer treatment could significantly increase defense enzyme activity of plants and decrease withering rate and withering index of pepper under drought and cold injury compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,and reduce pest index significantly of cucumber.So the study reveals that Jiaosu compost and liquid fertilizer could not only improve the physical and chemical properties of soil,but also obtain better quality,high yield,high resistance,safe and ecological production of tropical crops,which is benefit to the sustainable development of modern green agriculture in tropical areas.
作者
范鹤龄
王浩晨
陈伟益
陆建明
孙雪冰
朱清
李长江
张荣萍
Fan Heling;Wang Haochen;Chen Weiyi;Lu Jianming;Sun Xuebing;Zhu Qing;Li Changjiang;Zhang Rongping(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2021年第22期76-83,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
海南大学世界一流学科建设项目“连作淮山优质高产高效栽培的微生态机制”(RZZX201909)。
关键词
酵素
热带地区
土壤理化性状
作物生长
综合抗性
Jiaosu
tropical region
physical and chemical properties of soil
crop growth
integrative resistance
