摘要
研究数据表明,全球的失明人数约0.4亿,致盲疾病中白内障发病率为46%,我国发病率超过50%。白内障主要为晶状体发生病变所导致,先天性白内障多发生于儿童,其与染色体遗传方式有关,越来越多的遗传位点被确定;后天白内障主要受年龄因素和内分泌因素影响。晶状体由多种蛋白组成,其中以晶状体蛋白含量最高,受10个基因控制,当发生基因突变时,基因排序改变,降低了蛋白的可溶性。目前白内障主要通过手术治疗,可获得满意的临床效果。虽然目前手术技术比较成熟,但仍会给患者带来一定并发症。白内障可降低患者视力,随着患病时间的延长,易引起患者心理和身体发生应激反应,出现抑郁、焦虑、暴躁等症状,甚至拒绝治疗。相关研究证实,有效的护理可改善患者不良情绪,促使患者积极配合治疗,提高治疗效果,降低并发症的发生率。本文对白内障的发病机制、早期护理、术前护理、术中护理及术后护理等方面进行综述,为白内障手术患者的临床护理提供参考依据。
Research data show that the number of blind people worldwide is about 40 million,the incidence rate of cataract in blinding diseases is 46%,and the incidence rate of China is over 50%.Cataract is mainly caused by lens lesions.Congenital cataract mostly occurs in children,which is related to chromosome inheritance.More and more genetic loci have been identified;acquired cataract is mainly affected by age and endocrine factors.Lens is composed of many kinds of proteins,among which the content of lens protein is the highest,which is controlled by 10 genes.When gene mutation occurs,gene sequencing changes,which reduces the solubility of protein.At present,cataract is mainly treated by surgery,and satisfactory clinical results have been achieved.Although the current surgical technology is relatively mature,it will still bring some complications to patients.Cataract can reduce the vision of patients,with the extension of the disease time,it is easy to cause psychological and physical stress reaction,depression,anxiety,irritability and other symptoms,and even refuse treatment.Relevant studies have confirmed that effective nursing can improve patients’bad mood,promote patients to actively cooperate with the treatment,improve the treatment effect,and reduce the incidence of complications.In this paper,the pathogenesis,early nursing,preoperative nursing,intraoperative nursing and postoperative nursing of cataract are reviewed,in order to provide reference for clinical nursing of patients with cataract surgery.
作者
马颖
MA Ying(Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology,Tianjin Eye Hospital,Tianjin 300020,China)
出处
《中国城乡企业卫生》
2021年第8期83-86,共4页
Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene
关键词
护理干预
白内障
手术
研究进展
Nursing intervention
Cataract
Operation
Research progress
