摘要
The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia.Here,the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands system(MRFFLGs)pilot project in the Irtysh River Basin is refined,by complying with the core concept,i.e.,"mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands are a community of life".The solution stresses the specific characteristics of ecologically protecting and restoring MRFFLGs in the Irtysh River Basin,which aim to reduce ecological water use,soil erosion,forest and grassland degradation,the ecological destruction of mines,water environment pollution and other issues.With overall protection,system restoration,district policy,and problem orientation as the overarching ideas,162 sub-items of 44 major items with seven categories have been designed and implemented in the project.In addition,some highlights of the management experience that are worth promoting when the pilot project is being implemented are also summarized(e.g.,the use of laws to solve historical problems,scientific argumentation and third-party evaluation,proactive guidance for the engagement of people,modern information technology support,and integration with local sustainable development).Lastly,four policy suggestions are proposed:(1)Building a model of systematic protection and restoration by using basins as the basic geographic unit;(2)Establishing and optimizing key weak links of systems and mechanisms;(3)Focusing on remedying the shortcomings of regional talents,technology and capital;and(4)Promoting the MRFFLGs project to integrate"industry,city,people,and tourism"for carrying out a large-scale system project.
阿勒泰额尔齐斯河流域是新疆乃至中亚地区的水源涵养区和重要的生态屏障。基于"山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体"理念,聚焦额尔齐斯河流域"山水林田湖草"生态保护与修复试点的特殊性,针对生态用水减少、水土流失、森林和草地退化、矿山生态破坏、水环境污染等问题,提炼了额尔齐斯河流域山水林田湖草生态保护与修复的技术路线。以整体保护、系统修复、分区施策、突出问题导向为总体思路,设计并实施了7大类44个大项162个子项的工程方案。总结了在项目实施过程中的若干值得推广的管理经验,包括运用法治手段解决历史遗留问题、科学论证与第三方评估、积极引导百姓参与、现代信息技术支撑、与地方可持续发展融合等。最后文章提出应形成以流域为基本地理单元的系统性保护修复典范,建立健全体制机制的重点薄弱环节,着力弥补区域人才、科技和资金等短板,推进"山水林田湖草工程"融合"产城人游"构成大系统工程等建议,以期为其他地区系统开展山水林田湖草生态保护修复工作提供借鉴。
基金
The Major Science and Technology Projects in Altay Region(E0035219)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630644
42001139)
The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670472)。
