摘要
自高熵合金被首次报道以来,其优异的力学性能引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。高熵合金的高强度、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐腐蚀性以及其在极端温度下的服役能力,都表明高熵合金在未来工业应用中具有巨大潜力。随着对高熵合金的深入研究,从元素比例的改变到元素种类的改变再到新组元的添加,每一次高熵合金力学性能的优化与发展均伴随着结构的改变。尽管如此,高熵合金的力学性能依旧有很大的提升空间。因此,如何合理设计高熵合金的微观结构、提升其力学性能是当前研究的热点问题。在高熵合金中,已存在的强韧化方法有细晶强化、固溶强韧化、共晶组织强韧化、孪生诱导塑性(Twinning induced plasticity,TWIP)效应强韧化、相变诱导塑性(Transformation induced plasticity,TRIP)效应强韧化和第二相强韧化等。其中,细晶强化与第二相强化在绝大多数高熵合金中都存在且很容易通过热机械处理来实现。因此,如何在强化机理、组织特征、力学性能三者之间建立联系,是当前亟待解决的问题。本文归纳了高熵合金强韧化方法的研究进展,从高熵合金的优秀力学性能入手,分别介绍了固溶强化、短程有序(Short-range ordering,SRO)强化、γ′相强化、晶粒异构强韧化等结构设计理念,并且讨论了各种结构对高熵合金变形机制和力学性能的影响,分析了当前高熵合金的发展前景,以期为后续关于组织特征与力学性能建立有效联系提供参考。
Since the high entropy alloy has been reported for the first time,its excellent mechanical properties have attracted wide attention from all over the world.The superior strength,high hardness,good resistance to wear and corrosion of the high entropy alloy and its excellent service ability at extreme temperatures illustrate that the high entropy alloy has great potential in industrial applications in the future.With the increasing investigation of high entropy alloys,from the variation of elemental types,and the proportion of principal elements,the optimization and development of mechanical properties of high entropy alloys are accompanied by structural changes.Nevertheless,the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys still have much room for improvement.Therefore,how to rationally design the composition and microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys is a hot topic at present.In high entropy alloys,the existing strengthening and toughening methods include fine-grained strengthening,solid solution strengthening and toughening,eutectic structure strengthening and toughening,TWIP(twinning induced plasticity)effect strengthening and toughening,TRIP(transformation induced plasticity)effect strengthening and toughening,and precipitate strengthening and toughening.Fine-grained strengthening and precipitate strengthening exist in most high entropy alloys and it is easy to achieve by thermomechanical treatment.Therefore,how to establish the correlation between the strengthening mechanisms,microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties is a critical issue at present.In present paper,the research progress of strengthening and toughening methods in high entropy alloys is summarized,and the design concepts of solid solution strengthening,SRO(short-range ordering)strengthening,precipitate strengthening and heterogeneous strengthening and toughening were introduced as well.We also discuss the effect of various special structures on the deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of high entropy alloy.The problems and development prospects of the high entropy alloy in the research process are also analyzed,in order to provide important reference for the subsequent establishment of effective connection between the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties.
作者
王伟彤
陈淑英
张勇
赵永好
WANG Weitong;CHEN Shuying;ZHANG Yong;ZHAO Yonghao(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Institute for Advanced Studies in Precision Materials,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第17期17043-17050,共8页
Materials Reports
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2017YFA0204403)
国家自然科学基金项目(51601091,51971112)
江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20160826)
江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才资助(2017-XCL-051)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(30917011106,30919011405)。
关键词
高熵合金
异构结构
力学性能
high entropy alloy
heterogeneous microstructure
mechanical property
