摘要
针对中国西北干旱区季节性降雨不均匀,土壤蒸发损失大等问题,试图通过生物炭添加改善土壤水分入渗和蒸发过程。采用室内土柱试验,研究6种生物炭质量添加比例[0(CK)、1%(B1)、2%(B2)、3%(B3)、5%(B5)、7%(B7)]对土壤湿润锋运移距离、累积入渗量和累积蒸发量的影响,并验证生物炭添加条件下不同入渗和蒸发模型的适用性。结果表明:生物炭添加量越多,减缓湿润锋运移进程效果越明显且土壤湿润锋运移深度与入渗历时呈幂函数关系。当对照组入渗结束时,B1、B2、B3、B5、B7处理与CK处理相比累积入渗量分别减少6.0%、11.9%、19.9%、28.0%、36.2%,表明添加生物炭可显著降低土壤累积入渗量。随着生物炭添加比例的增加,对土壤蒸发的抑制作用越明显。因此,综合考虑土壤入渗和蒸发过程,生物炭添加量在3%-5%时效果最佳。模型模拟结果表明,Kostiakov模型和Rose模型可以更好地描述生物炭添加条件下土壤水分入渗和蒸发过程。该研究可以丰富生物炭应用情景,以期为西北干旱区农田生物炭实际应用提供理论参考。
This paper attempts to improve the infiltration and evaporation process of soil water by adding biochar,to solve the problem of un⁃even seasonal precipitation and large irrigation evaporation loss in the arid area of Northwest China.It uses soil column experiments to study the mass addition ratio of 6 levels of biochar[0(CK),1%(B1),2%(B2),3%(B3),5%(B5),7%(B7)]on the influence of soil wet⁃ting front,cumulative infiltration,and cumulative evaporation,and verify the applicability of different infiltration and evaporation models un⁃der the conditions of biochar addition.The results show that the more biochar is added,the more obvious the effect of slowing down the migra⁃tion rate of wetting front and the depth of soil wet front migration has a power function relationship with the infiltration duration.Compared with CK treatment,the cumulative infiltration of B1,B2,B3,B5 and B7 decreases by 6.0%,11.9%,19.9%,28.0%and 36.2%respectively,indicating that biochar can significantly reduce the cumulative infiltration of soil.With the increase in biochar proportion,the inhibition of soil evaporation is more obvious.Therefore,considering the process of soil infiltration and evaporation,the optimal biochar content is 3%-5%.The simulation results of the model show that the Kostiakov model and Rose model can better describe the process of soil water infiltra⁃tion and evaporation under the condition of biochar addition.This study can enrich the application scenarios of biochar,and provide theoreti⁃cal reference for the practical application of biochar in the arid area of Northwest China.
作者
高言
沈洪政
杨婷
何念
马孝义
GAO Yan;SHEN Hong-zheng;YANG Ting;HE Nian;MA Xiao-yi(College of Water Conservancy and Construction Engineering,Northwest Agriculture and Forest University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Area of Ministry of Education,Northwest Agriculture and Forest University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2021年第9期134-140,共7页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124)
国家自然科学基金项目(51809217)。
关键词
生物炭
累积入渗量
湿润锋
蒸发
入渗模型
biochar
cumulative infiltration volume
wet front
evaporation
infiltration model
