摘要
在欧盟教育治理进程中,出于对权能(competence)问题以及"共同体方法"(community method)存在不足的考虑,欧盟采取的治理形式实现了从"硬治理"(hard governance)到"软治理"(soft governance)的转变,其主要目的是更有效地适应欧洲一体化发展的"硬政治"的需求。作为欧盟"软治理"的重要工具,开放协调法(Open Method of Coordination)发端于欧盟就业和经济政策改革,成型于里斯本峰会,应用领域不断拓展。在教育领域中,开放协调法通过形成共同目标、设立基准和指标、制定国家或地方战略以及开展监测与同伴活动四个步骤,有力推动了欧盟成员国教育政策的趋同。实践证明,该工具有效地发挥了多元治理的作用、改善了成员国的教育表现、加速了欧盟的教育一体化,但是与此同时也面临着数据可比性存疑、缺乏相应约束机制以及民主赤字问题凸显等问题和挑战,仍需要进一步发展完善。
In the process of European governance in education,due to the consideration of competence and the inadequacy of community method,EU has transferred its governance approach from"hard governance"to"soft governance",with the purpose of more effectively adapting to the needs of the"hard politics"of the development of European integration.As an important tool of"soft governance"of EU,the Open Method of Coordination(OMC)was originated from the EU’s employment and economic policy reform,formed at the Lisbon Summit,and its application fields have been expanding continuously.In the field of education,the OMC has effectively promoted the convergence of education policies of EU member states through four steps:forming common goals,setting benchmarks and indicators,formulating national or local strategies,and carrying out monitoring and peer activities.Practice has proved that this tool effectively played the role of multiple governance body,improved the educational performance of the member states,speeded up the process of education integration of EU.However,OMC also faced a range of problems and challenges,such as the comparability of corresponding data,constraint mechanism and democratic deficit,which needed further development and improvement.
作者
阚阅
谷滢滢
Kan Yue;Gu Yingying(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)
出处
《教育发展研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第13期106-115,共10页
Research in Educational Development
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目“新时代中国有效参与全球教育治理的能力建设及战略选择”(21ZJQN01YB)的部分研究成果。
关键词
欧盟
教育一体化
教育政策
软治理
开放协调法
European Union
educational integration
education policy
soft governance
Open Method of Coordination(OMC)
