摘要
南方杂交稻机插目前仍然以毯苗育秧机插为主,采用撒播育秧,无法实现杂交稻稀播少本种植,制约了杂交稻的推广以及杂交稻机插产业化的提升。在多年对毯苗机插技术研究的基础上,中国水稻研究所研发了精准播种育秧机插技术,突破了杂交稻毯苗育秧机插技术的瓶颈。该技术改变传统流水线撒播为定向定位条播,显著降低了机插播种量,提高了机插秧苗质量。同时配套相应机插技术实现了杂交稻少本均匀种植,漏秧率降低到5%以下,并提高了机插群体均匀度。2019年和2020年示范试验结果表明,精准播种育秧机插技术可节省用种量29.2%,提高产量10.2%,节本增效显著。
In southern China,hybrid rice machine transplanting is still mainly based on flat seedling raising technology,which uses the broadcast song method in seedling tray,and does not realize the hybrid rice planting with low seedling number per hill,thus restrictes the promotion of hybrid rice and machine transplantation industrialization in hybrid rice production.On the basis of years in the study of the technology of flat seedling for machine transplanting,China National Rice Research Institute innovated precision seedling and transplanting technology,which broken through the bottleneck of machine transplanting technology in hybrid rice with flat seedling.This technology changed the traditional broadcast sowing to directional positioning drill sowing,significantly reduced seeding rate and improved seedling quality.With the corresponding mechanical transplanting technology,hybrid rice can be planted uniformly at a low cost,the rate of seedling leakage by mechanical transplanting was reduced to less than 5%,and the uniformity of the mechanical transplanting population improved.Additionally the corresponding machine transplanting method adjusted to get a higher uniformity transplanting with a low seedling number per hill,and declined the missing hill percent to less than 5%,furthermore improved the uniformity of rice population.The results of the two-year demonstration experiment in 2019 and 2020 showed that the precision seeding and machine transplanting technology economized 29.2%of the seeding rates,and increased rice yield by 10.2%compared to the traditional technology,which evidenced a significant effects in costs reducing and economic efficiency increasing in hybrid rice production.
作者
朱德峰
王亚梁
陈惠哲
张玉屏
向镜
ZHU Defeng;WANG Yaliang;CHEN Huizhe;ZHANG Yuping;XIANG Jing(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)
出处
《中国稻米》
北大核心
2021年第5期19-22,共4页
China Rice
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202117)
宁波市科技计划项目(2019B10003)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-03A)。
关键词
杂交稻
低播量
机插
精准条播
hybrid rice
machine transplanting
low seeding rate
precision drill seeding
