摘要
玉米和稻谷是南方地区重要的饲料原料来源。本研究采用LI-6800便携式光合作用测定系统观测了温度和CO_(2)浓度对长江中游平原水稻和玉米扬花期功能叶片光合参数的影响。结果表明:玉米扬花期功能叶片净光合速率对温度升高的敏感性高于水稻。温度升高提高了水稻功能叶片的光合速率。CO_(2)浓度增加提高了扬花期水稻和玉米的最大光合速率。当温度条件相同时,在高CO_(2)浓度条件下水稻比玉米更容易维持较高的光合速率。玉米功能叶片最大电子传递速率(J_(max))与最大羧化速率(V_(cmax))的比值(J_(max)/V_(cmax))随温度升高而显著下降(P<0.05),而水稻J_(max)/V_(cmax)值对温度升高无显著变化。温度升高与CO_(2)浓度增加均可降低两种作物的叶片气孔导度和植物蒸腾速率。本研究发现,玉米功能叶光合参数及生化参数对高温环境较为敏感,即玉米的光合酶活性和光合能力比水稻更容易受到温度升高的抑制作用。建议未来应重视气温升高对玉米饲料资源带来的不利影响,在畜禽养殖中合理调整饲料原料供给结构,适当将稻谷作为饲料原料的替代来源之一,可以抑制因玉米价格上涨造成的饲养成本攀升,提高养殖效益,为新形势下畜牧业发展探索一条高效、可持续的发展道路,提升畜牧业发展的竞争力。
Rice and maize are important feed resources in southern China.In this study,the LI-6800 portable photosynthesis measurement system was used to observe the impacts of temperature and CO_(2)concentration on the photosynthetic parameters of functional leaves of rice and maize in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river plain.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of maize functional leaves was more sensitive to temperature arising than rice.Increasing temperature was more conducive to the accumulation of organic matter in functional corn leaves,and increasing CO_(2)concentration could increase the maximum photosynthetic rate of rice and maize during flowering.The maximum net photosynthetic rate of the functional leaves of rice and maize increased with the increase of the intercellular CO_(2)concentration,which was conducive to the photosynthesis of crops to accumulate organic matter.When under the condition of the same temperature,rice was easier to maintain higher photosynthetic rate than maize under high CO_(2)concentration.The ratio of maximum potential rate of electron transport to maximum rate of carboxylation(J_(max)/V_(cmax))for functional leaves of maize was significantly decreased with the arising temperature(P<0.05),meanwhile it was insensitive for the functional leaves of rice.The increase of temperature and CO_(2)concentration decreased the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the both two crops.Due the photosynthetic enzyme activity and photosynthetic capacity of maize were more susceptible to the inhibition of temperature rise than rice,we conluded that the photosynthetic parameters and biochemical parameters of maize functional leaves were sensitive to high temperature environment.It was suggested that the adverse effects of the rising temperature on the feed resources of corn should be paid attention to in the future.In order to explore an efficient and sustainable development road for the development of animal husbandry in the new situation and improve the competitiveness of animal husbandry development,the feed material supply structure should be adjusted reasonably in livestock and poultry breeding,and rice should be properly used as one of the alternative sources of feed raw materials,to restrain the rising raising cost caused by the rise of maize price,improve the breeding efficiency.
作者
贾羽旋
孙志华
宋春燕
王斌
梁琼
张屏
刘云
段碧华
石生伟
JIA Yuxuan;SUN Zhihua;SONG Chunyan;WANG Bin;LIANG Qiong;ZHANG Ping;LIU Yun;DUAN Bihua;SHI Shengwei(North China Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Beijing Agricultural University,Beijing 101206,China;Development Center of Science and Technology,Beijing 100125;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of new energy and environment,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin Province 130021,China)
出处
《中国饲料》
北大核心
2021年第19期87-93,共7页
China Feed
基金
北京市自然科学基金(8192007)
北京市农委新型生产经营主体科技能力提升项目(01021011)
北京市教委重点项目(KZ201910020024,KZ201810020025)。
关键词
增温
CO_(2)浓度
光合作用
粮食作物
temperature increase
CO_(2)concentration
photosynthesis
grain crops
