摘要
人力资本理论认为教育有助于工人工资的提高,但这一理论存在诸多问题。人力资本理论分析教育投资的均衡,假设教育投资边际回报递减,但经验研究显示,教育投资的边际回报递增。人力资本理论在解释教育对工资提高的作用时,没有把教育投资与劳动力市场的供给和需求相联系,而任何工资的变化如果不联系劳动力市场供给和需求的变化,就难以得到合理解释。为此,本研究就教育对工资提高的作用提出一个新解释:教育投资同时增加了受教育者在劳动力市场的稀缺性和需求,由此提高了其议价能力从而提高了工资。这一理论解释隐含,随着教育的发展,劳动力市场上受教育层次较高工人稀缺性降低,导致教育投资回报率下降。经验研究显示,随着高等教育毛入学率的增加,高等教育的回报降低,可视为是人力资本理论新解释的支持性证据。
The human capital theory believes that education contributes to the increase of workers’wages,however,this theory has many problems.The human capital theory analyses the equilibrium of education investment and assumes that the marginal return of education investment is diminishing,but empirical research shows that the marginal return of education investment is increasing.When explaining the effect of education on wage increases,the human capital theory does not link education investment with the supply and demand of the labor market,whilst any change in wages cannot be reasonably explained if it is not related to changes in the supply and demand of the labor market.To this end,this study explains the role of education in raising wages:investment in education also increases the scarcity and demand of the educated in the labor market,thereby increasing their bargaining power and thus increasing their wages.This theoretical explanation shows that with the development of education,the scarcity of workers with higher levels of education in the labor market decreases,leading to a decline in the rate of return on investment in education.Empirical research shows that with the increase in the gross enrollment rate of higher education,the return of higher education decreases,which is regarded as supporting evidence for the new explanation of human capital theory.
作者
樊明
FAN Ming(Business School,Zhengzhou Sias University,Zhengzhou,Henan 451199)
出处
《中国劳动关系学院学报》
2021年第5期46-56,共11页
Journal of China University of Labor Relations
关键词
人力资本理论
教育
工资
human capital theory
education
wages
