摘要
应急对口援助作为中国特色的区域援助政策,表现为援助方和受援方之间在人、财、物等资源的横向流动或转移,其本质属于典型的区际援助关系。目前,我国区际应急援助的启动以央地"命令与服从"垂直治理为运作框架,强调通过政治性安排实现援助政策目标。这种行动在实践中缺乏制度性和法理性依据,其激励逻辑与运作框架忽略了区域间共同行动的内生动力和明确的权利义务分配,存在援助的被动性和不可持续性的问题。需要重塑动力机制,建立一套基于合作的、而非完全依赖政治动员的区际援助自动触发机制,通过制度创新实现单向度无偿援助关系向区际合作关系的转变。进而在《突发事件应对法》框架下形成有利于今后可复制和具有普适性的区际应急援助制度规则,将具有强烈行政指令色彩的应急对口援助政策纳入法治轨道,才能克服工具主义倾向,使区际应急援助获得可持续的生命力。
As a regional aid policy with Chinese characteristics, the emergency counterpart aid is manifested in the horizontal flow or transfer of human, financial and material resources between the donors and the recipients, which is a typical interregional aid relationship in essence. At present, the startup of interregional emergency aid in China takes the vertical governance of central "commands and obey" as the operational framework, emphasizing the realization of aid policy goals through political arrangement. This action lacks institutional and theoretical grounds in practice, and its incentive logic and operation framework ignore the endogenous power of regional common action and clear distribution of the rights and obligations, and there are problems of passive and discontinuous assistance. It is necessary to rebuild the dynamic mechanism, establish a set of automatic trigger mechanism of interregional aid based on cooperation rather than relying on political mobilization, and realize the transformation from one-way gratuitous aid relationship to interregional cooperation relationship through system innovation. And then a system of interregional emergency assistance should be established under the framework of the Emergency Response Law, which is conducive to replication and universality in the future. Only in this way can we overcome the instrumentalism tendency and achieve the sustainable vitality of interregional emergency assistance by bringing the emergency assistance policy with strong administrative instructions into the track of law.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期163-176,共14页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
司法部2019年度国家法治与法学理论研究重点项目“区际补偿法律机制研究”(项目编号:2019SFB1008)
中国法学会2020年度部级法学研究课题“走向合作的区际应急援助及其制度激励——以国家突发事件对口援助为例”(项目编号:CLS【2020】ZX016)的研究成果。
关键词
区际应急援助
动力转换
突发事件应对法
制度规范
Interregional Emergency Assistance
Dynamic Transformation
Emergency Response Law
System Norms
