摘要
人工智能的流派大体上可分为符号主义、联结主义和行为主义,它们在历史上与知识产权法各自存在相应的联系。20世纪50年代开始的符号主义人工智能以符号化的知识表征和逻辑推理为主要特点,客观上为知识产权法统一本质的概括提供了新的理论,并可以进行知识产权法专家系统的建构。20世纪80年代兴起的联结主义人工智能以模拟人脑的神经网络和学习过程为主要特点,与知识产权法具有共同的“鼓励学习”宗旨,又在专利客体、创造性审查、创新本质界定和法律伦理等方面提出了挑战。与互联网联系更加密切的行为主义人工智能强调智能行为是适应周围环境的进化行为,其契合了网络时代知识产权立法一定程度的“行为规制”转向,也对相关主体的权利博弈、保护对象的进化升级、智能交互行为的法律规制等带来了挑战。不同流派的人工智能既是知识产权法的调整对象又是其完善工具,它们应当彼此进行深度融合。
The schools of artificial intelligence can be roughly divided into symbolism,connectionism and behaviorism,which have corresponding relations with intellectual property law in history.Symbolic artificial intelligence,which started in 1950s,is characterized by symbolized knowledge representation and logical reasoning.It objectively provides a new theory for the generalization of the unified nature of intellectual property law,and can construct the expert system of intellectual property law.Connectionist artificial intelligence,which emerged in the 1980s,has the same purpose of“encouraging learning”with intellectual property law.The former also challenges the latter in terms of patent protection objects,“creativity”examination,the nature of innovation,and legal ethics.Behaviorism artificial intelligence,which is more closely connected with the Internet,emphasizes that intelligent behavior is an evolutionary behavior to adapt to the surrounding environment.It is in line with the“behavior regulation”turn of intellectual property legislation in the network era to a certain extent.It also brings challenges to the right game of relevant subjects,the evolution and upgrading of protection objects,and the legal regulation of intelligent interactive behavior.Different schools of artificial intelligence are not only the adjustment object of intellectual property law,but also its improvement tool.They should be deeply integrated with each other.
作者
李宗辉
LI Zonghui(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)
出处
《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第5期35-44,共10页
Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目:1719世纪英国自由传统与专利制度的演进研究(19FFXB077)
国家法治与法学理论研究项目:人工智能的知识产权法挑战与应对(17SFB3033)。
关键词
人工智能流派
知识产权法
符号主义人工智能
联结主义人工智能
行为主义人工智能
artificial intelligence schools
intellectual property law
symbolic artificial intelligence
connectionist artificial intelligence
behavioral artificial intelligence
