摘要
重力加速度测量实验是大学生物理实验必修课实验内容之一,在实验过程中由于仪器使用不当或操作不正确,在计算结果时存在不同的偏差。不确定度是衡量测量精度的重要指标,本文计算了三种不同情况测量重力加速度时的不确定度,主要考虑了激光照射透明挡板的角度r、激光垂直入射点的偏差Δx和激光垂直入射方向的偏差β对重力加速度的不确定度。通过计算,当透明挡板向上/下偏移的角度为5°时,不确定度为1.4963 m/s^(2);当激光向左/右偏移5 mm时,不确定度为1.0044 m/s^(2);当激光向左和向右偏移的角度为5°时,不确定度分别为1.5515 m/s^(2)和1.2508 m/s^(2)。本文可为减小旋转液体测量重力加速度误差提供理论依据。
The experiment of measuring acceleration of gravity is one compulsory physical experiment for college students,which usually has different deviations in the calculation of gravity acceleration due to improper operation or uncorrected instrument.To improve the measurement accuracy,the uncertainty index is used to calculate the theoretical uncertainty derivation of gravity acceleration under three kinds of experimental errors,including the errors caused by deviation angle of the transparent baffle r irradiated by laser,the left and right deviation of the laser vertical entry pointΔx,and the angle of the incident laser deviatedβfrom the vertical direction.Through calculation,when the up/down offset angle of transparent baffle is 5°The uncertainty is 1.4963;When the laser is shifted 5 mm to the left/right,the uncertainty is 1.0044;When the angle of laser left and right offset is 1.5515 and 1.2508,respectively.This paper can provide a theoretical basis for reducing the error of gravity acceleration measured by rotating liquid.
作者
赫文豪
付楷涵
李懂文
李帅霖
HE Wenhao;FU Kaihan;LI Dongwen;LI Shuailin(Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;College of Science,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;College of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China)
出处
《大学物理实验》
2021年第4期107-112,共6页
Physical Experiment of College
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2462020YXZZ003)。
关键词
旋转液体物理特性研究
重力加速度
不确定度
理论分析
physical properties of rotating liquids
acceleration of gravity
uncertainty
theoretical analysis
