摘要
相较于《婚姻法》第40条,《民法典》第1088条将离婚经济补偿制度的适用范围拓展至夫妻共同财产制,具有正当的价值基础。在共同财产制下,只有离婚时可供分割的共同财产数额较少,以及家务劳动贡献方在婚姻存续期间未从他方收入中获取必要收益这两种例外情形发生,家务劳动贡献方方可主张补偿家务劳动价值。基于家庭效用最大化做出的家庭分工,夫妻一方因家务劳动或者其他义务做出特定牺牲,造成面向未来的人力资本损失,应当予以补偿。特定牺牲决策在"家庭利益最大化"层面应具有正当合理性,判断时不能单采经济理性标准。离婚损害赔偿与离婚经济补偿两项制度原则上并行不悖,如若原本"生活困难"的客观状况因损害赔偿或经济补偿而得以消解,则不能叠加适用离婚经济帮助制度。
Compared with Article 40 of the Marriage Law,Article 1088 of the Civil Code extends the application of the system of economic compensation for divorce to the system of matrimonial communal property,which has a legitimate value basis. Under the communal property system,the one who is a contributor to housework shall claim compensation for the value of housework only in two cases: the amount of communal property available for division at the time of divorce is small,and the contributor does not receive his or her necessary benefit from the other’s income during the marriage. In the household labor division based on the maximization of family utility,one of spouses shall be compensated for the loss of future-oriented human capital caused by his or her specific sacrifice of housework or due to other obligations. The decision of specific sacrifice should be considered reasonable in the aspect of"maximizing family interests",and should not be judged solely by the standards of economic rationality. In principle,the system of divorce economic compensation and the system of divorce damage compensation are not incompatible. If the objective situation of"living in difficulty"is eliminated by any of the above compensation,the system of economic aid for divorce cannot be applied.
作者
汪洋
WANG Yang(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《妇女研究论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期73-79,共7页
Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies
关键词
离婚经济补偿
共同财产制
离婚救济
家务劳动
特定牺牲
economic compensation for divorce
communal property system
divorce relief
housework
specific sacrifice
