摘要
目的了解盐业体制改革后杭州市食盐销售网点的食盐销售及防治碘缺乏病知识宣教情况,为推进公众科学补碘提供依据。方法2020年,采用分层抽样方法在杭州市13个区(县、市)各抽取4个乡(镇、街道),每个乡(镇、街道)按照东、西、南、北、中的方位划定5个调查区域,每个调查区域选取1个食盐销售场所为调查点,采用面对面问卷方式调查销售网点食盐销售及防治碘缺乏病知识宣教情况。结果共对238个食盐销售网点开展有效调查,其中,城区网点113个、郊区网点78个、农村网点47个,有55.9%(133/238)的网点销售无碘盐;月均合计销售小包装食盐68072袋,总体碘盐销量明显高于无碘盐(Z=-2.865,P<0.05),且城区、郊区销售网点的碘盐销量均高于无碘盐(Z=-2.313、-2.237,P均<0.05)。城区、郊区销售网点的食盐均以价格为2~5元的食盐销量最高,分别占78.6%(33562/42705)、82.3%(13970/16979);农村销售网点以价格为1~2元的食盐销量最高,占72.8%(6110/8388)。在238个食盐销售网点中,有29.4%(70/238)的网点设置了防治碘缺乏病指示牌,39.9%(95/238)的网点其食盐销售人员知晓"孕妇推荐盐",31.1%(74/238)的网点其食盐销售人员会主动告知食盐购买者防治碘缺乏病知识;设置防治碘缺乏病指示牌、食盐销售人员知晓"孕妇推荐盐"的网点月均食盐销量及碘盐销量均分别高于未设置指示牌、销售人员不知晓的网点,比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=-3.733、-3.722,-2.109、-2.324,P均<0.05)。结论盐业体制改革后杭州市食盐销售网点碘盐供应充足,伴随无碘盐供应渠道的增加,应在销售环节加强防治碘缺乏病的主动宣教。
Objective To investigate the situation of salt sales and education on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in salt sales outlets in Hangzhou after the reform of salt industry system,and provide a basis for promotion of scientific iodine supplementation for the public.Methods In 2020,4 townships(towns,streets)were selected from 13 districts(counties,cities)of Hangzhou by stratified sampling method.Each township(town,street)delimited 5 survey areas according to the directions of east,west,south,north and middle,and a salt sales place was selected as the survey site in each investigation area.A face-to-face questionnaire was used to investigate the sales of salt in sales outlets and the publicity and education of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and treatment.Results A total of 238 edible salt sales outlets were effectively investigated,including 113 urban outlets,78 suburban outlets,and 47 rural outlets;55.9%(133/238)of the outlets sold non-iodized salt.A total of 68072 bags of small packaged salt were sold every month,the overall sales of iodized salt was significantly higher than that of non-iodized salt(Z=-2.865,P<0.05),and the sales of iodized salt in urban and suburban sales outlets were higher than that of non-iodized salt(Z=-2.313,-2.237,P<0.05).The sales of salt in urban and suburban sales outlets were the highest with the price of 2-5 yuan of salt,accounting for 78.6%(33562/42705)and 82.3%(13970/16979),respectively;in rural sales outlets,with the price of 1-2 yuan of salt was the highest,accounting for 72.8%(6110/8388).Among the 238 salt sales outlets,29.4%(70/238)of the outlets had set up a prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders sign,and 39.9%(95/238)of the outlets salt sales staff known"recommended salt for pregnant women",31.1%(74/238)of the outlets whose salt sales staff had actively informed salt buyers about the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.The total monthly sales of salt and the sales of iodized salt at outlets where the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders signs were set up and the salt sales staff were aware of the"recommended salt for pregnant women"were higher than outlets where no signs were set up and the sales staff were not aware(Z=-3.733,-3.722,-2.109,-2.324,P<0.05).Conclusions After the reform of salt industry system,the iodized salt supply of salt sales outlets in Hangzhou is sufficient.With the increase of non-iodized salt supply channels,we should strengthen the active publicity and education on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in the sales section.
作者
霍亮亮
朱冰
黄利明
Huo Liangliang;Zhu Bing;Huang Liming(Institute for Health Hazard Factors Monitor,Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310021,China)
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第9期724-728,共5页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
基金
浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2020KY780)。
关键词
碘
盐类
缺乏症
健康教育
Iodine
Salts
Deficiency diseases
Health education