摘要
基于2016年喜马拉雅北坡(那曲站、珠峰站、慕士塔格站)和南坡(Kirtipur站、Simara站、Tarahara站)6个站点的观测资料,对比分析各个站点的地表热通量交换特征及其蒸散发量的差异,并利用土壤热通量的计算方法[土壤温度预报校正法(TDEC)]计算土壤热通量,在此基础上分析各站地表能量平衡闭合度。有助于深入了解喜马拉雅南北坡地区近地层的能量交换和物质输送过程的异同,为研究喜马拉雅南北坡区域气候提供参考。研究结果表明:喜马拉雅北坡地区的下垫面加热方式是感热交换占主导地位,而南坡地区以潜热交换为主;南北坡之间地表辐射平衡各分量差异明显,短波辐射北坡地区高于南坡,而长波辐射则是南坡高于北坡,冬季南坡净辐射较高,其他季节南北坡差异不大;地表反照率均呈现典型的"U"型日变化特征,北坡地区反照率达0.25~0.40,南坡地区的反照率均在0.1~0.2,北坡反照率大于南坡;那曲站、珠峰站、慕士塔格站、Kirtipur站、Simara站和Tarahara站的能量平衡闭合率分别为85.1%、51.2%、53.5%、64.3%、65.6%和68.2%,总体来看南坡地区能量闭合程度大于北坡地区;各站蒸散发有显著的季节变化特征,均表现为夏季最强,秋季和春季次之,冬季最小,北坡地区除那曲站外各站点月累计蒸散发量低于南坡。
Based on the observation data of Nagqu Station,Qomolangma Station and Muztagh Station on the northern slope,and Kirtipur Station,Simara Stationand Tarahara Station on the southern slope of the Himalayas in 2016,the characteristics of land-atmosphere interaction and evapotranspiration in the six stations were compared and analyzed. The soil temperature forecast correction method(TDEC)was used to calculate the soil heat flux,which can help to analyze the surface energy balance closure ratio of each station. This study shows thesignificance in understanding the surface layer energy exchange and material transportation in the surface layer of the northern and southern slopes of the Himalayas,which can provide a reference for the study of regional climate. The results show that the surface heating on the northern slope of the Himalayas is dominated by sensible heat flux while in the southern slope area it is dominated by the latent heat flux. The surface radiation balance components between the north and south slopes show significant difference:the shortwave radiation on the north slope is higher than that on the south slope;the long-wave radiation washigher on the southern slope than that on the northern slope;the net radiation on the southern slope ishigher in winter,and there islittle difference between the northern and southern slopes in other seasons;the surface albedo shows a typical "U"-shaped diurnal variation feature,with albedo values of 0.25~0.40 on the northern slope and 0.1~0.2 on the southern slope,and the energy balance closure rates of Nagqu Station,Qomolangma Station,Muztagh Station,Kirtipur Station,Simara Station and Tarahara Station are 85.1%,51.2%,53.5%,64.3%,65.6%,68.2%,respectively. Generally,the energy closure ratio of each stationin the southern slope area is better than that in the northern slope area;the evapotranspiration shows significant seasonal variations,with the highest value in summer, followed by autumn and spring, and the smallest value in winter. The cumulative monthly evapotranspiration of each station in the northern slope area except Nagqu Station is less than that in the southern slope area.
作者
王俏懿
马耀明
王宾宾
左洪超
WANG Qiaoyi;MA Yaoming;Wang Binbin;Zuo Hongchao(College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 130000,China;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;The Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101.China)
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期810-825,共16页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“泛第三极地区多圈层地气相互作用过程及其影响区域能量和水分循环的机制研究”(编号:91837208)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设”子课题“西风—季风断面上陆气相互作用和水热变化及其对周边的影响”(编号:XDA20060101)资助。
