摘要
质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)空气供应系统机械惯性大,难以快速响应负载需求,且受外部噪声和系统内部不确定性影响,控制精度和响应速度难以达到要求。针对这一问题,提出基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波(improved extended Kalman filter,IEKF)算法和电堆功率需求的PEMFC空气供应系统调节方法。该方法采用EKF调节空气供应过程,即根据瞬态响应过程过氧比(oxygen excess ratio,OER)预测状态调整空压机输入电压,并引入干扰噪声补偿,以改进EKF的性能。同时基于负载功率设计一种计及功率需求的前馈控制器,避免电堆在剧烈变载时出现"氧饥饿"现象,缩短负载追踪时间。最后,基于Stateflow有限状态机硬件实验平台将IEKF与EKF和无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)进行对比分析,结果表明所提方法具有更好的控制精度和响应速度,OER最小值由1.10增至1.65,调节时间由4.47s缩短至4.15s,"氧饥饿"程度有效缓解。
Due to the dynamic response characteristics of air supply system in proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) and external noise interference and uncertain dynamic issues, the control accuracy and response speed are affected. To solve the problem, this article proposed an air supply regulation method for PEMFC system based on the improved extended Kalman filter(IEKF) algorithm and stack power demand. In this method, EKF algorithm was designed to dynamically regulate air supply system, that is, input voltage of air compressor was regulated according to the predicted state of oxygen excess ratio(OER) in the dynamic response. The noise compensation was introduced to improve the EKF. Feedforward control that considered the load demand was used to accelerate load tracking process and avoid the oxygen starvation during load change. In the end, the EKF and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) based on Stateflow finite state machine platform were compared, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the response speed and control accuracy. In addition, the degree of oxygen starvation is alleviated which increases from 1.10 to 1.65 and the regulation process decreases from 4.47 s to 4.15 s.
作者
左杨
戴朝华
郭爱
陈维荣
ZUO Yang;DAI Chaohua;GUO Ai;CHEN Weirong(College of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611730,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《中国电机工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第19期6550-6559,共10页
Proceedings of the CSEE
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1201003,2017YFB1201004)。
关键词
质子交换膜燃料电池
空气供应系统
扩展卡尔曼滤波
过氧比
前馈控制
状态预测
proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)
air supply system
extended Kalman filter(EKF)
oxygen excess ratio(OER)
feedforward control
state prediction
