摘要
人工耳蜗技术可以帮助绝大多数重度-极重度感音神经性聋患者恢复听力,此项技术最早始于1800年意大利物理学家Alessandro Volta发现电刺激正常耳可以产生听觉.20世纪60年代开始进入实用阶段,技术发展的方向包括单通道和多通道技术,1979年北京协和医院单通道人工耳蜗研制成功,1980年完成了国内第一例人工耳蜗植入术,1995年5月,完成国内第一例多通道人工耳蜗植入.随着技术的进步,逐渐出现声电联合刺激人工耳蜗、双侧人工耳蜗植入、机器人辅助人工耳蜗植入等,2012年北京协和医院在国内首次植入声电联合刺激人工耳蜗,双侧人工耳蜗植入研究也位于国内前列.随着手术成功经验越来越多,人工耳蜗适应症逐渐放宽,2008年北京协和医院在国内首次研发成功术前电刺激听觉诱发电位技术,大量疑难复杂病例成功植入人工耳蜗.国内外也积极开展单侧耳聋的人工耳蜗植入、神经性耳鸣的人工耳蜗植入应用研究以及机器人辅助下人工耳蜗植入.上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院于2020年报道国内首例机器人辅助下人工耳蜗植入.同时光学人工耳蜗的研究也进入实验阶段.本文综述了人工耳蜗技术的国内外发展史、目前技术拓展以及未来发展趋势,以期为人工耳蜗的技术进步提供参考.
Cochlear implant(CI)technology can help the majority of patients with severe to profound sensorineural deafness to restore hearing.This technology was first launched in 1800 by the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who found that electrical stimulation of the normal ear can produce hearing.In the 1960s,it began to enter the practical stage,and underwent technological development in two directions,single-channel and multi-channel.In 1979,the single-channel cochlear implant was successfully developed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH),and the first cochlear implantation in China was performed in 1980 in PUMCH.The first multi-channel cochlear implantation in China was also performed in PUMCH in May 1995.As the technology progressed,cochlear implantation with electric-acoustic stimulation(EAS),bilateral cochlear implantation,and robot-assisted cochlear implantation gradually went on stage.The first EAS cochlear implantation in China was performed in 2012 in PUMCH,and research on bilateral cochlear implantation in PUMCH ranks at the forefront in China.With increasing successful cases of surgery,the indications for cochlear implantation have gradually extended.In 2008,preoperative electrical stimulation auditory evoked potential technology was successfully developed in PUMCH,which is novel in China,and by which a large number of difficult and complex cases were successfully implanted with CI.Cochlear implantation for unilateral deafness and tinnitus and robot-assisted cochlear implantation have also been carried out worldwide.The first robot-assisted cochlear implantation in China was successfully performed in 2020 in Shanghai 9^(th) People’s Hospital.At the same time,the research of optical cochlear implant has entered the experimental stage.This paper summarizes the development of cochlear implant technology in China and abroad,the current technical expansion and the future development trend,to provide reference for its technological progress.
作者
王斌
杨华
陈晓巍
曹克利
高志强
WANG Bin;YANG Hua;CHEN XiaoWei;CAO KeLi;GAO ZhiQiang(Department of Otolaryngology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)
出处
《中国科学：生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期1040-1049,共10页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
关键词
人工耳蜗
历史
发展
趋势
cochlear implant
history
development
trend
