摘要
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence.Furthermore,it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis.Due to the high heterogeneity,metabolic reprogramming,and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer,patients benefit little from current conventional therapy.Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification,thus expanding clinical therapeutic options.In this review,we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression.We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis,prediction,and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies.We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models.Finally,we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
基金
This work was supported by the following:the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1308604)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81802903,81672820,81940074,and 81872356)
the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.20XD1400900)
the Shanghai International Science and Technology Collaboration Program.
