摘要
探究区域作物生育期实际蒸散发及其空间分布特征,为区域节水潜力评价提供依据。研究结合多源数据(种植结构、遥感数据和气象数据等)和遥感陆面蒸散反演方法,得到作物实际蒸散发(ET),并根据作物不同生长阶段的变化特点结合气象资料估算遥感数据缺失时期的ET。(1)基于遥感数据和SEBAL模型能够准确反演流域空间尺度的日蒸散发量,其生育初期和中期平均误差分别为11.49%和6.22%。5-7月,日蒸散发逐渐增大,且在7月达到峰值,8-10月日蒸散发逐渐降低,9-10月降低趋势较大;(2)不同作物之间,生育期ET差异明显,甜菜>土豆>玉米>小麦,分别为619.72 mm、558.67 mm、492.51 mm、456.58 mm。作物生育期ET变化范围分别在476.02~795.73 mm、405.41~684.84 mm、345.11~683.35 mm和313.34~604.62 mm之间;(3)同种作物因灌溉制度不同,其作物生育期ET在空间上表现出差异性。受流域南北降雨不均影响,4种主要作物生育期ET呈现明显的由南向北递减趋势。北部湖泊附近的小麦,因土壤含水量较高,其生育期ET高于周边其他区域。针对内蒙古察汗淖尔流域内作物生育期ET空间分布差异明显,部分区域地下水超采严重等特点,调整流域内种植结构及灌溉制度尤为重要。
In orderto explore the actual evapotranspiration and its spatial distribution characteristics during the growth period of regional crops to provide a basis for the evaluation of regional water-saving potential,this study combined multi-source data(planting structure,remote sensing data,meteorological data,etc.)and remote sensing land surface evapotranspiration inversion method to obtain the actual crop evapotranspiration(ET),and estimated ET in the period when remote sensing data were missing according to the change characteristics of crops in different growth stages and combined with meteorological data.The results showed that:(1)Based on remote sensing data and SEBAL model,the daily evapotranspiration at the spatial scale of the basin could be accurately retrieved,and the average errors of the initial and middle growth stages were 11.49%and 6.22%,respectively.From May to July,daily evapotranspiration gradually increased and reached the peak in July.Daily evapotranspiration gradually decreased from August to October,and showed a large decreasing trend in September and October.(2)There were significant differences in ET among different crops in the growth period,in the order of beet>potato>corn>wheat,respectively 619.72 mm,558.67 mm,492.51 mm and 456.58 mm.Variation range of ET during crop growth period was 476.02795.73 mm,405.41684.84 mm,345.11683.35 mm and 313.34604.62 mm,respectively.(3)Due to the different irrigation systems,the ET of the same crop growth period was spatially different.Influenced by the uneven rainfall between north and south of the basin,ET in the growth period of the four main crops showed an obvious decreasing trend from south to north.The ET of wheat near the northern lake was higher than that of other areas because of the higher soil water content.It can be concluded that in view of the obvious difference of ET spatial distribution in crop growth period and the serious over extraction of groundwater in some regions in Chahanuoer Basin,it is particularly important to adjust the planting structure and irrigation system in the basin.
作者
张文发
苏涛
雷波
王蕾
孙浩然
许越越
ZHANG Wen-fa;SU Tao;LEI Bo;WANG Lei;SUN Hao-ran;XU Yue-yue(School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui Province,China;Department of Irrigation and Drainage,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2021年第10期1-6,共6页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家重点研发计划“国家水资源动态评价关键技术与应用”子课题“农业用水动态评价与需水预测”(2018YFC0407703)
安徽理工大学引进人才科研启动项目(ZY030)。
