摘要
宿州矿区由于长期煤炭开采,不仅形成了浅层地下水降落漏斗,而且造成了不同程度的地下水污染,其污染现状及主要形成原因尚不清楚。为此,本文利用研究区水土污染调查获取的21个地下水样品的NO-3等13项污染指标开展地下水污染源解析工作。在采用改进内梅罗综合污染指数法对研究区浅层地下水环境质量进行评价的基础上,利用因子分析和反距离权重插值方法对研究区浅层地下水进行污染源及空间分布特征解析。研究结果表明:(1)研究区浅层地下水受到了重度污染,以Ⅳ类水为主,污染较严重的指标为NO_(3)^(-)、Mn、Fe和F^(-)。(2)研究区浅层地下水主要包括4个污染源:原生地质环境(F1),其高值区分布在桃园煤矿及其周边;矿坑排水和矸石山淋溶作用下形成的矿业废水(F2),其在桃园和钱营孜煤矿及其周边地区污染较为严重,其余矿区也存在一定程度的矿业废水污染;由生活垃圾、人畜排泄物造成的农村污水(F3),其污染地区主要为朱仙庄和芦岭煤矿一带;由化肥施用引起的农业污染(F4),其高值区集中在朱仙庄煤矿及其周边区域。地下水水质的主要影响因素是浅层地下水原生地质环境和矿业废水,其中约有51.040%的污染来源于原生地质环境及煤矿矿业污染的混合污染,约有11.841%的污染来自煤矿矿业废水,其余污染主要来源于农村生活和生产污水以及农业面源污染。(3)研究区浅层地下水主要污染区域为桃园和钱营孜煤矿一带,祁南和祁东煤矿污染相对较轻,朱仙庄和芦岭煤矿水质较好。(4)建议对矿区地下水主要污染源及污染途径进行综合防治:加强矿坑排水口的污水达标排放监管力度;煤矿企业采用生产建筑材料等方法提高矸石的综合利用率;进一步加强与矿区污水、垃圾填埋处理等相关的基础设施建设。
Long-term coal mining in the Suzhou mining area not only led to the formation of shallow groundwater drop funnel but also caused groundwater pollution to varying degrees.In this study,in order to find out the current situation and main causes of pollution,13 pollution indicators such as NO_(3)^(-) were analyzed for 21 groundwater samples obtained from the water and soil pollution survey in the study area.Based on the quality evaluation by the improved Nemero pollution index method,factor analysis and IDW interpolation method were used to analyze the pollution source and its groundwater spatial distribution characteristics.The results show:(1)The shallow groundwater water in the whole study area was heavily polluted to mainly Class IV water and the main pollution indicators were NO_(3)^(-),Mn,Fe and F^(-).(2)Polluted shallow groundwater were mainly from 4 pollution sources.The first one is the origin’s geological environment(F1),with the high-value areas distributed in the Taoyuan coal mines and surrounding areas.The second one is mining wastewater formed by mine-pit drainage and leaching of Gangue Hill(F2),which caused serious pollution in the Taoyuan and Qianyingzi coal mines as well as some pollutions in other mining areas.The third pollution source is rural sewage(F3)caused by domestic waste and human and animal excreta,which mainly contaminated the areas of Zhuxianzhuang and Luling coal mines.The fourth pollution source is agricultural pollution(F4)caused by fertilizer application,with the high-value areas concentrated in the Zhuxianzhuang coal mine and surrounding areas.The main factors affecting the shallow groundwater quality in the study area were the primary geological environment of shallow groundwater and mining wastewater.About 51.04% of pollution were from a mix of the two sources,about 11.84%from coal mining wastewater alone,and the rest mainly from rural living and production sewage and agricultural non-point source.(3)The major polluted areas were Taoyuan and Qianyingzi coal mines while the pollution in Qinan and Qidong coal mines was relatively light,and the water quality in the Zhuxianzhuang and Luling coal mines was better.(4)It is suggested to comprehensively control the main sources of groundwater pollution by strengthening supervision and control of mine drainage outlet discharge up to the standard.Also coal mining enterprises can improve the overall utilization of gangue by means of making building materials,etc.Furthermore,construction of infrastructures such as sewage and landfill treatment facilities in mining areas should be strengthened.
作者
赵卫东
赵芦
龚建师
周文怡
钱家忠
ZHAO Weidong;ZHAO Lu;GONG Jianshi;ZHOU Wenyi;QIAN Jiazhong(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;Nanjing Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,China)
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期1-14,共14页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41831289,41877191)
中国地质调查局项目“沙颍河-涡河流域水文地质调查(DD20190354)”。
关键词
宿州矿区
浅层地下水
因子分析
污染源解析
污染评价
Suzhou mining area
shallow groundwater
factor analysis
pollution source apportionment
pollution evaluation
