摘要
该文采用空气质量指数(AQI)分析了2015-2019年哈尔滨市不同季节首要污染物的污染特征,利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式对近5年四季逐日72 h后向轨迹气流进行聚类分析,结合AQI数据,揭示哈尔滨市大气污染物传输路径及潜在源贡献因子和浓度权重轨迹的季节差异。结果表明:哈尔滨市优良天数占比从2015年的66%上升到2019年的83%,5年中2015年为大气污染较为严重的一年,5年来空气质量呈明显好转趋势。哈尔滨市大气污染呈现出不同的季节特征:优良天数平均值占比从高到低依次为夏季(94.6%)>秋季(84.4%)>春季(80%)>冬季(53%),O_(3)和PM_(2.5)分别为空气质量最优的夏季与最差的冬季的首要污染物,春季和秋季首要污染物表现为由NO_(2)和PM_(2.5)复合型污染向以O_(3)为主导的气态型污染转变。各季节轨迹分布与其所处的地理位置和季风气候密切相关,春季来自山东东部、渤海、辽宁、吉林到达哈尔滨的轨迹污染率最高;夏季污染率较高的气流轨迹均来自南部方向,主要传输方向自渤海越过山东东部到达青岛地区,经辽宁、吉林汇入哈尔滨;秋季污染率较高的轨迹分布最为分散,主要以近距离输送轨迹为主;冬季AQI值显著高于其他季节,可能与北方冬季进入燃煤采暖期,污染物排放增多有关,主要集中分布于西北方向输送进入哈尔滨,呈现出输送轨迹越短,污染率越高的特点,其中来自吉林的最短转向路径挟带的污染物浓度最高,其次为由俄罗斯东南部经内蒙古过吉林到达哈尔滨,说明吉林是影响哈尔滨市冬季大气污染物浓度偏高的主要地区。
The air quality index(AQI)was used to analyze the pollution characteristics of the main pollutants in different seasons in Harbin from 2015 to 2019,and the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model was used for cluster analysis of the 72-hour backward trajectory airflow in the seasons of the past five years,combined with ambient air quality index(AQI)data,to reveal the seasonal differences in the transmission path of air pollutants and potential source contribution function(WPSCF)and concentration-weighted trajectory(WCWT)in Harbin.The results showed that the proportion of good days in Harbin increased from 66%in 2015 to 83%in 2019.In the five years,2015 was the year with more serious air pollution,and the air quality showed an obvious improving trend in the past five years.Air pollution in Harbin presents different seasonal characteristics:the average proportion of good days from high to low is summer(94.6%)>autumn(84.4%)>spring(80%)>winter(53%),O_(3)and PM_(2.5)are the primary pollutants in the summer with the best air quality and the worst in the winter respectively.The primary pollutants in spring and autumn show the transition from combined pollution of NO_(2)and PM_(2.5)to gaseous pollution dominated by O_(3).The distribution of seasonal track is closely related to its geographical location and monsoon climate.In the spring,the trajectories from eastern Shandong,Bohai,Liaoning,and Jilin to Harbin have the highest pollution rate;the air trajectories with higher pollution rates in summer all come from the south,and the main transmission direction is from Bohai Sea to the east of Shandong to Qingdao area,and into Harbin via Liaoning and Jilin.The trajectory with a higher pollution rate in autumn is the most scattered,mainly short-distance transportation trajectory;the AQI value in winter is significantly higher than that in other seasons,which may be related to the increase of pollutant emissions in the coal-fired heating period in the northern of China in winter,and mainly concentrated conveying into Harbin in the northwest direction shows the characteristics of the shorter the transport trajectory,the higher the pollution rate.Among them,the shortest turning path from Jilin carries the highest concentration of pollutants.The second is from southeast Russia to Harbin via Inner Mongolia through Jilin,indicating that Jilin is the main area that affects the high concentration of air pollutants in Harbin in winter.
作者
高春红
张科
臧淑英
张丽娟
孙丽
GAO Chunhong;ZHANG Ke;ZANG Shuying;ZHANG Lijuan;SUN Li(Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;Tianrong Environment S&T Development Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300380,China;Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety,Harbin 150025,China)
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期162-170,共9页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(41401589,41771067)
黑龙江省自然科学基金(YQ2019D005,TD2019D002)
黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才项目(UNPYSCT-2018182)
哈尔滨师范大学博士科研启动基金(XKB201903)。
关键词
空气质量指数
污染特征
潜在源贡献因子法
浓度权重轨迹法
哈尔滨
air quality index
pollution characteristics
potential source contribution function
concentration weighted trajectory
Harbin
