摘要
氢能具有清洁环保、能量密度高等优势,被视为极具潜力的可再生替代能源,是实现国家"双碳"目标的重要支撑。目前的核心问题是用氢成本过高,与燃油车和电动车相比没有价格优势。从制氢—运氢—加氢的产业链角度出发,对近、中、远期氢能产业链进行了成本分析,发现在近期和中期,制约氢气价格下降的瓶颈主要在于加氢站,而加氢站氢气成本下降的核心在于提升加氢量、摊薄成本。如果氢燃料电池汽车数量提高,每日加氢量提升至一定水平,会迅速降低氢气成本,并为中、远期的CCUS、电解制氢等更为低碳的制氢技术留出足够的利润空间。同时给出了具体建议,包括通过政策引导大力增加燃料电池汽车数量以增加加氢量;合理规划,减少运氢距离;增加运氢压力以增加单次氢气运载量;优化加氢站工艺,减少日常运营成本等。
Hydrogen energy,with the advantages of clean,environmentally friendship and high energy density,is regarded as a potential renewable alternative energy.There is,however,a core problem that the current using cost of hydrogen energy is too high,which makes it lose economic competitivity with fuel and electric power in driving vehicles.From the perspective of the industrial chain covering production,transportation and refueling of hydrogen,the cost analysis is performed on the hydrogen energy industrial chain in the short-term,mid-term and long-term.It is found that in the short and medium term,the bottleneck restricting the profitability of hydrogen lies in hydrogen refueling station.The solution for reducing the cost in hydrogen refueling stations is to increase the amount of hydrogen refueling to dilute the cost.If the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in service increases and the daily hydrogen refueling volume rises to a certain level,the cost of hydrogen will drop significantly,leaving enough profit margins for low-carbon hydrogen production technologies such as CCUS and electrolysis hydrogen production in the medium and long term.Specific suggestions are given,such as vigorously increasing the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles running to increase hydrogen refueling demand through policy guidance;shortening hydrogen transportation distance through rational planning layout;increasing the hydrogen pressure in transportation to increase single hydrogen carrying capacity;optimizing the process of hydrogen refueling station to reduce daily operating costs,etc.
作者
张轩
樊昕晔
ZHANG Xuan;FAN Xin-ye(China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation,Beijing 100028,China)
出处
《现代化工》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期1-6,共6页
Modern Chemical Industry
关键词
氢能
制氢
运氢
加氢站
成本
hydrogen energy
hydrogen production
hydrogen transportation
hydrogen refueling station
cost
