摘要
本文利用中国工业企业数据及中国海关贸易数据,考察了进口竞争对工资扭曲的影响。研究发现:我国企业工资扭曲主要表现为向下扭曲,即企业员工所获得的工资报酬低于其边际产品价值。中间品进口将抑制工资扭曲,而资本品进口将促进工资扭曲,经过多种稳健性分析后,结论仍然成立。从影响机制来看,中间品进口能够促进创新进而抑制工资扭曲,而资本品进口能够提高资本密集度进而促进工资扭曲。进一步分析表明,中间品进口抑制了向下扭曲,而资本品进口同时促进向上扭曲和向下扭曲。本文有助于更全面地揭示我国在对外开放中所面临的风险和机遇,为扩大进口贸易战略的制定与调整提供了参考。
Using firm-level data from the Annual Survey of Industrial Production and the transaction-level data from China’s General Administration of Customs,this paper examined the effect of import competition on the wage distortion of Chinese firms. The paper finds that a downward wage distortion,meaning that the wages received by workers are lower than the value of their marginal product,exists among most Chinese firms. In addition,the import of intermediate products mitigates the wage distortion,but the import of capital products magnifies the wage distortion. These results are robust to various checks. The mechanism analyses show that the import of intermediate products affects the wage distortion by promoting innovation,while the import of capital products affects the wage distortion by increasing capital labor ratio. Further analyses show that the import of intermediate products only mitigates the downward wage distortion,and the import of capital products increases both the downward and the upward wage distortions at the same time. This paper helps to fully understand the risks and opportunities faced by China during the process of opening up,and provides reference for formulating and adjusting the strategy of expanding imports.
作者
巫俊
魏浩
WU Jun;WEI Hao(College of Economics and Management,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715;Economic Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715;Business School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国主动扩大进口问题研究”(19ZDA068)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“中国进口贸易对就业的影响研究”(SWU1909783)。
关键词
工资扭曲
进口竞争
资本品进口
中间品进口
Wage Distortion
Import Competition
Import of Capital Products
Import of Intermediate Products
