摘要
芋作为一种重要的粮菜兼用作物,是世界上分布最广的作物之一,被称为第五大根茎作物,具有重要的食疗和医疗价值,近年来芋产业的发展对促进市县农业发展和农民增收起到重要作用,对芋种质资源保护和利用的研究也越来越受到重视。从芋的起源与分布,芋种质资源的收集、保存与分类,芋种质资源的遗传多样性研究,芋种质资源创新与新品种选育,芋的病害研究,以及芋头的利用及功效研究等方面进行了综述,分析了目前芋种质资源研究存在的问题并提出展望。芋头的种植面积、产量和产值保持总体上升的趋势,但是优异种质鉴评技术与基础研究较薄弱,芋种质创新工作不够深入,芋生产上病害严重的问题尚未得到解决,生产上缺乏抗病品种,杂交育种尚处于起步阶段。提出应进一步加强芋种质资源的收集保存和创新利用研究、大力推广芋脱毒种苗的生产应用、加快开展芋连作障碍研究和芋杂交新品种选育等对策。
As an important food and vegetable crop,taro(Colocasia esculenta)is one of the most widely distributed crops in the world.It is called the fifth largest root crop and has important therapeutic and medical value.In recent years,the development of taro industry plays an important role in promoting the agricultural developme nt of cities and counties and increasing farmers’income.More and more attention has been paid to the protection and utilization of taro resources.This paper reviews the origin and distribution of taro,the collection,preservation and classification of taro resources,the genetic diversity of taro resources,the innovation of taro resources and the breeding of new varieties,the research on taro diseases,and the utilization and efficacy of taro.The problems existing in the research of taro resources are analyzed and the prospect is put forward.It is pointed out that the planting area,yield and output value of taro have maintained an overall upward trend,however,there are defects in the evaluation technology and basic research of excellent germplasms,and the innovation of taro germplasm has not been done thoroughly,the problems of serious diseases in production have not yet been resolved,there is a lack of disease-resistant varieties in production,and crossing breeding is still in its infancy.It is proposed that the researches on the collection,preservation and innovative utilization of taro resources should be further strengthened,the application of taro virus-free seedlings should be promoted in production,and the researches on obstacles in taro continuous cropping and the breeding of new taro hybrid varieties should be accelerated.
作者
郭巨先
尹艳
唐康
李桂花
符梅
罗文龙
骆善伟
孙保娟
GUO Juxian;YIN Yan;TANG Kang;LI Guihua;FU Mei;LUO Wenlong;LUO Shanwei;SUN Baojuan(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2021年第9期81-90,共10页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技提升项目)(403-2018-XMZC-0002-90)
广东省蔬菜新技术重点实验室开放基金(201906)
韶关市科技计划项目(200819094530270)。
关键词
芋
种质资源
起源
遗传多样性
种质创新
Colocasia esculenta
germplasm resources
origin
genetic diversity
germplasm innovation
