摘要
分裂结构可以表达穷尽义,而这种穷尽义的属性一直是学界讨论的热点和难点。主要观点可以分为语义和语用两大阵营,细化为断言说、预设说和会话隐含说三类分析。本文以汉语分裂式"是"字句为研究对象,通过实验语义学的测试方法,对比普通话母语者对分裂式"是"字句和其它几类表达穷尽义的结构的理解,以检验上述三类分析。实验结果表明,相较于断言说和会话隐含说,将"是"字句的穷尽义处理为预设更符合母语者语感和语言事实。与Zimmermann et al.(2020)的研究发现相比,汉语分裂式"是"字句的穷尽性与匈牙利语分裂句相似,但强于法语、英语和德语分裂句。研究结果为"是"字句更精细的语义分析提供了实证基础,也为分裂句语义的类型学研究增添了新的例证。
Cleft constructions can express exhaustive inference.The exact status of this inference,however,is still under hot debate.Two accounts have been provided to address this issue.On the semantic account,exhaustive inference is treated as either an assertion or part of the presupposition,whereas on the pragmatic account,it is taken as a conversational implicature.The present study intends to test the two accounts by examining how Mandarin shi clefts encode exhaustivity using a variation of the covered-box design.It is found that(1)exhaustivity of shi clefts is conveyed neither as an assertion nor a conversational implicature,but as part of the presuppositional content;and(2)compared with the results from Zimmermann et al.(2020),exhaustivity of Mandarin shi clefts resembles that of Hungarian clefts but differs from that of clefts in French,English and German.This study not only contributes to a more precise semantic analysis of Mandarin shi clefts but also offers new data to the investigation of the semantics of clefts from a typological perspective.
作者
刘莹
杨雨岸
LIU Ying;YANG Yu’an(Fuan University,Shanghai 200433,P.R.China;University of Maryland,College Park,U.S.A)
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期669-680,共12页
Modern Foreign Languages
关键词
分裂结构
“是”字句
穷尽性
预设
cleft construction
shi sentence
exhaustivity
presupposition
