摘要
富里酸(FA)是土壤腐殖质的重要组成成分,是土壤腐殖化过程中的中间物质,其结构特性对提高土壤有机质具有重要的指示作用。有机无机肥配施是实现土壤培肥、秸秆资源利用、减少无机肥施用的有效措施。为探讨黑龙江省黑土区秸秆有机肥替代无机肥对土壤FA的影响,设置不施肥(CK)、单施无机肥(NPK)、有机肥替代无机氮肥25%(NPKM1)、有机肥替代无机氮肥50%(NPKM2)、有机肥替代无机氮肥75%(NPKM3)及有机肥替代无机氮肥100%(NPKM4)6个处理,测定土壤有机碳(SOC)和FA含量。利用荧光指数(FI)、自生源指数(BIX)表征土壤FA的来源,腐殖化指数(HIX)指示土壤的腐殖化程度。采用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法,分析土壤FA的荧光组分及最大荧光强度(F max),并利用冗余分析(RDA)探讨荧光强度、土壤有机碳和试验处理间的响应关系。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,有机无机肥配施处理均显著提高了SOC和土壤FA含量,其中对NPKM2处理影响最大,SOC含量提高8.06%,土壤FA含量提高13.84%。土壤FA受自生源和外生源共同作用的影响(FI>1.4,0.8<BIX<1.0),呈现强腐殖化和重要的新近自生源特征(1.5<HIX<3.0),NPKM2处理土壤腐殖化程度最高。土壤FA共包含3种荧光组分:类富里酸(紫外光区类富里酸和可见光区类富里酸,Ex/Em=275 nm,325 nm/410 nm),类胡敏酸(Ex/Em=250 nm,350 nm/460 nm)和类蛋白质(短波类色氨酸和长波类色氨酸,Ex/Em=275 nm,225 nm/340 nm)。随着有机肥比例升高,类富里酸和类胡敏酸的F max值先升高后降低,类蛋白质F max值逐渐降低。NPKM2处理类富里酸和类胡敏酸的F max值最高,类富里酸的相对百分比最高。RDA结果表明NPKM2处理对SOC、土壤FA含量和F max值的影响最大。因此,基于土壤FA荧光光谱特性分析可知,为提高土壤有机质含量、增加秸秆利用率、减施无机肥,秸秆有机肥替代无机氮肥50%处理为最佳有机无机肥配比。
Fulvic acid(FA)is an important component of soil humus.As an intermediate substance in soil humification,the structural characteristics of FA play an important role in indicating the improvement of soil organic matter.The combined organic and inorganic fertilizers are an effective measure for soil fertility improvement,straw resource utilization and inorganic fertilizer reduction.In order to explore the effect of straw organic fertilizer instead of inorganic fertilizer(nitrogenous fertilizer)on soil FA in the black soil region of Heilongjiang Province,six treatments were set up,including no fertilization(CK),a single application of inorganic fertilizer(NPK),25%of organic nitrogen fertilizer(NPKM1),50%(NPKM2),75%(NPKM3),and 100%(NPKM4).The contents of soil organic carbon(SOC)and FA were determined.The source of soil FA was characterized by fluorescence index(FI)and biological index(BIX),and the degree of soil humification was analyzed by humification index(HIX).Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum parallel factor analysis method was used to analyze the fluorescence components and maximum fluorescence intensity(F max)of soil FA,and redundancy analysis(RDA)was used to explore the response relationships among fluorescence intensity,soil organic carbon and different treatments.The results showed that compared with NPK treatment,the contents of SOC and soil FA increased significantly in the treatments of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers,the greatest impact on NPKM2 treatment,SOC and soil FA content increased by 8.06%and 13.84%.Soil FA was affected by both autochthonous and terrestrial sources(FI>1.4,0.8<BIX<1.0),showing vital hummus and important neo-autochthonous sources characteristics(1.5<HIX<3.0),and NPKM2 treatment had the highest degree of soil humification.Soil FA contained three fluorescent components:fulvic-acid-like(fulvic-acid-like in ultraviolet region and fulvic-acid-like in visible light region,Ex/Em=275 nm,325 nm/410 nm),humic-acid-like(Ex/Em=250 nm,350 nm/460 nm)and protein-like(short wave tryptophan and long wave tryptophan,Ex/Em=275 nm,225 nm/340 nm).With the increase of organic fertilizer ratio,the F max values of fulvic-acid-like and humic-acid-like first increased and then decreased,and the F max value of protein-like gradually decreased.The F max values of fulvic-acid-like and humic-acid-like were the highest,and the relative percentage of humic-acid-like was the highest.The results of RDA showed that NPKM2 treatment had the greatest effect on the content of SOC and soil FA.Therefore,based on the analysis of soil FA fluorescence spectrum characteristics,in order to improve the content of soil organic matter,increase straw utilization rate and reduce the application of inorganic fertilizer,the treatment of straw organic fertilizer replacing inorganic nitrogen fertilizer by 50%was the best organic-inorganic fertilizer ratio.
作者
李艳
白杨
魏丹
王伟
李玉梅
薛红
胡钰
蔡姗姗
LI Yan;BAI Yang;WEI Dan;WANG Wei;LI Yu-mei;XUE Hong;HU Yu;CAI Shan-shan(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Environmental Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161000,China;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)
出处
《光谱学与光谱分析》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期3518-3523,共6页
Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201001和2019YFD1100304-03)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20200601,KJCX20190408)
黑龙江省农业科学院科研项目(2019CGJL007)
黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心能力提升项目(ZY18A04)资助。
关键词
黑土
有机无机肥配施
富里酸
三维荧光光谱
Black soil
Organic-inorganic fertilizer combined application
Fulvic acid
Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum
