摘要
目的了解天津市不同水碘含量地区孕妇碘摄入量,评价碘营养状况,为促进孕妇碘营养适宜水平的达成而科学调整干预策略提供依据。方法于2019年5—10月在天津市3个不同水碘含量地区采用便利抽样的方法,选取孕妇为调查对象。在碘缺乏地区抽取91人,在高碘地区抽取86人,超高碘地区抽取77人,共254人。采集水样、食用盐样和尿样检测碘含量。采用砷铈催化分光光度法检测水碘和尿碘含量,采用GB/T 13025.7—2012《制盐工业通用试验方法碘的测定》检测盐碘含量,采用半定量食物频率调查表收集食物摄碘量。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行方差分析、非参数检验和χ^(2)检验。结果碘缺乏地区、高碘地区和超高碘地区的水碘含量中位数分别为5.00、158.17和322.80μg/L。254名孕妇的碘盐覆盖率为19.29%,合格碘盐食用率为16.54%,食物摄碘量中位数为94.43μg/d(P25~P75:32.30~210.65μg/d),3个指标在不同地区孕妇间的分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。254名孕妇的碘摄入总量中位数为317.03μg/d(P25~P75:142.63~691.72μg/d),尿碘浓度为180.30μg/L(P25~P75:95.24~532.60μg/L)。碘缺乏地区食用碘盐的孕妇尿碘浓度中位数为172.81μg/L(P25~P75:105.04~239.25μg/L),呈碘适宜水平;食用非碘盐的孕妇尿碘浓度中位数为108.43μg/L(P25~P75:77.04~239.25μg/L),呈碘不足水平。高碘地区食用碘盐孕妇的尿碘浓度中位数为442.33μg/L(P25~P75:185.48~634.25μg/L),呈大于适宜量水平;食用非碘盐孕妇的尿碘浓度中位数为226.15μg/L(P25~P75:88.90~365.53μg/L),呈碘适宜水平。超高碘地区食用碘盐孕妇尿碘浓度中位数高达703.20μg/L(P25~P75:305.04~937.66μg/L),呈碘过量水平;食用非碘盐孕妇的尿碘浓度中位数为388.60μg/L(P25~P75:153.30~516.12μg/L),呈大于适宜量水平。结论天津市孕妇碘营养状况整体处于碘适宜水平,但是碘缺乏与超适宜量的风险依然存在。应对孕妇加强健康教育,分类指导孕妇科学精准补碘。
Objective To investigate the iodine intake of the pregnant women in different water iodine concentrations areas of Tianjin,to evaluate the iodine nutrition status,and to provide the basis for scientific intervention strategy of improving the iodine nutrition suitable level in pregnant women.Methods From May to October 2019,the convenience sampling method was used to select 254 pregnant women from three areas with different water iodine concentrations in Tianjin as the subjects(iodine deficiency area:91 subjects;high iodine area:86 subjects;overhigh iodine area:77 subjects).The samples of drinking water,edible salt,and urine were detected for iodine concentrations.The arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to measure the water iodine and urine iodine contents,the salt iodine content was detected by "Determination of iodine in general test method for the salt industry"(GB/T 13025.7-2012),and the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was utilized to collect the food iodine intake.Analysis of variance,nonparametric test and χ^(2) test were used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS 20.0.Results The medians of water iodine content in iodine deficiency area,high iodine area and overhigh iodine area were 5.00,158.17 and 322.80μg/L,respectively.In 254 pregnant women,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 19.29% and its qualified rate was 16.54%,respectively;the median of food iodine intake was 94.43 μg/d(P25-P75:32.30-210.65 μg/d).There were no statistically significant differences in the coverage rate of iodized salt and its qualified rate,the food iodine intake of pregnant women in the three areas(P >0.05).In 254 pregnant women,the median of total iodine intake was 317.03 μg/d(P25-P75:142.63-691.72 μg/d) and the median of urinary iodine concentration was 180.30 μg/L(P25-P75:95.24-532.60 μg/L).In iodine deficiency area,the median of urine iodine concentration of pregnant women who ate iodized salt was 172.81 μg/L(P25-P75:105.04-239.25 μg/L) with the adequate level of iodine;the median of urine iodine concentration of pregnant women who consumed non-iodized salt was 108.43μg/L(P25-P75:77.04-239.25 μg/L) with iodine deficiency.In high iodine area,the median of urine iodine concentration of pregnant women who ate iodized salt was 442.33 μg/L(P25-P75:185.48-634.25 μg/L) with above requirements level;the median of urine iodine concentration of pregnant women who consumed non-iodized salt was 226.15 μg/d(P25-P75:88.90-365.53 μg/L) with adequate level of iodine.In overhigh iodine area,the median of urine iodine concentration of pregnant women who ate iodized salt was 703.20 μg/L(P25-P75:305.04-937.66 μg/L) with excessive iodine level;the median of urine iodine concentration of pregnant women who consumed non-iodized salt was 388.60 μg/L(P25-P75:153.30-516.12 μg/L) with above iodine requirements level.Conclusion The iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in Tianjin is generally in an appropriate state.However,the risk of iodine deficiency or above appropriate iodine still exists.The health education for pregnant women should be strengthened,and the scientifical and accurate supplement iodine should be guided for pregnant women.
作者
于英红
张梦妮
李茂婷
职心乐
孙琢玉
谢娟
YU Ying-hong;ZHANG Meng-ni;LI Mao-ting;ZHI Xin-yue;SUN Zhuo-yu;XIE Juan(Tianjin Jinghai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 301600,China;不详)
出处
《中国慢性病预防与控制》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期679-683,共5页
Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
基金
天津市自然科学基金项目(18JCYBJC42800)。
关键词
碘营养
孕妇
食用盐
尿碘
Iodine nutrition
Pregnant women
Edible salts
Urinary iodine
