摘要
能源,人类活动的重要物质基础。人类社会的发展离不开优质能源的出现和先进能源技术的使用。然而,随着人们进入物联网、人工智能时代,传统的从发电厂传输到公共事业单位等固定站点的"有序"电力供给方式已难以满足无处不在的物联网分布式电子设备"随机、高熵"性的能源需求。摩擦纳米发电机,以麦克斯韦位移电流为内在驱动力,可以有效地将不规则、低频和分布式的机械能转化为电能,它利用接触起电和静电感应的耦合效应,具有重量轻、成本效益高且易于扩展的显著特点。与通常的机械能收集技术,即电磁发电机相比,摩擦纳米发电机在低频(通常为0.1—3 Hz)下具有比电磁发电机更高的效率和输出性能。此外,摩擦纳米发电机还可用作自供电传感器,使用其电输出信号主动检测由机械扰动引起的动态过程。这些优势使得摩擦纳米发电机在低频环境能量收集上具有广阔的应用前景,例如它可以收集人体运动的能量为小型电子设备供电,还可以收集大范围海洋波浪能等可再生的蓝色能源,助力实现碳中和的伟大目标。
Energy is a major substance for human activity. The development of human society is inseparable from the emergence of high-quality energy and the use of advanced energy technologies. However,as people enter the era of Internet of Things(Io T) and artificial intelligence, the traditional "ordered" power supply method from power plants to fixed sites such as public utilities has been unable to meet the random, highentropy energy demands of the ubiquitous Io T distributed electronic devices. The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG), which uses Maxwell’s displacement current as its internal driving force, can effectively convert irregular, low-frequency and distributed mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is a combination of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, and has the advantages of being light weight, cost-effective, and easy to scale up. Compared to the electromagnetic generator(EMG), which is based on another type of mechanical energy collection technology, the TENG has higher efficiency and output performance at low frequencies(0.1—3 Hz). In addition, the TENG can also be used as a self-powered sensor, using its electrical output signal to actively detect dynamic processes caused by mechanical disturbances. All these merits demonstrate the broad applications of TENGs for harvesting low-frequency energy from various environments, such as human movement to power small electronic devices and ocean waves to provide large-scale renewable blue energy. This will help us enormously to achieve our great goal of carbon neutrality.
作者
王中林
陈鹏飞
WANG Zhong-Lin;CHEN Peng-Fei(Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101400,China;School of Nanoscience and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CUSTech Institute,Wenzhou 325024,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta 30332,USA)
出处
《物理》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第10期649-662,共14页
Physics
关键词
高熵能源
低频
摩擦纳米发电机
蓝色能源
物联网
high-entropy energy
low frequency
triboelectric nanogenerator
blue energy
Internet of Things
