摘要
黑色素作为一种天然色素,可以大致分为真黑素和褐黑素.它们广泛存在于微生物、高等动物和植物体内,具有自由基清除、辐射防护和热调节等功能.对人类而言,黑色素在一定程度上影响着皮肤、头发以及眼睛的颜色,在保护皮肤免受紫外线照射产生有害损伤方面具有重要作用.黑素细胞功能异常会带来一系列的皮肤问题,如黑色素瘤和白癜风等疾病.因此,调控黑色素的产生是治疗色素相关疾病的重要途径.黑色素合成过程中涉及到酪氨酸酶、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白酶等多种酶的催化和化学反应.通过小分子调控这些酶的催化过程,改变其活性及表达是调控黑色素合成的有效途径.在生物体内,黑色素都是通过生物合成的.由于黑色素的独特功能,化学家也开发了一些人工化学合成黑色素的方法.在小分子调控黑色素功能方面,已发现多种可抑制黑色素形成的小分子,这些小分子为黑色素相关疾病的治疗提供了新途径.本文综合评述了黑色素的合成(包括生物合成与人工合成)、抑制机理以及小分子化合物对黑色素的调控,为开发安全、高效的黑色素相关药物提供了理论基础.
Melanin,as a natural pigment,can be roughly classified into eumelanin and pheomelanin.They are widely found in microorganisms,animals and plants,and have functions of radical scavenging,radiation protection and thermal regulation.In humans,melanin is responsible for the color of skin,hair and eyes,and plays an important role in protecting skin from harmful damage caused by ultraviolet radiation.Abnormal functioning of melanocytes can lead to a range of skin problems,such as melanoma,vitiligo and other diseases.Therefore,regulating the synthesis of melanin is a significant strategy for pigmentation-related disease therapy.Melanogenesis is a catalytic and chemical process that involves many enzymes such as tyrosinase,tyrosinaserelated proteins.It’s an effective way to regulate the synthesis of melanin by changing tyrosinase activity and expression.In living organisms,melanin is biosynthesized.Because of its unique function,some artificial chemical synthesis methods of melanin have been also developed.In terms of small molecules regulating melanin function,many small molecules that inhibit melanin formation have been found.They have opened new minds for the treatment of melanin-related diseases.In this review,we discussed the biosynthesis and artificial synthesis process of melanin,its inhibition and regulation mechanisms by small molecule.It might provide a theoretical basis for the development of safe and efficient melanin-related drugs.
作者
彭海月
汪婷
李国瑞
黄静
PENG Haiyue;WANG Ting;LI Guorui;HUANG Jing(Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine(ICBN),State KeyLaboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;College of Biology,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)
出处
《高等学校化学学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期3357-3366,共10页
Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities
基金
湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(批准号:2018JJ3030)
湖南省科技创新计划项目(批准号:2018RS3060)资助。
关键词
黑色素合成
功能调控
抑制机理
氧化应激
Melanogenesis
Functional regulation
Inhibition mechanism
Oxidative stress
