摘要
【目的】近年来,根肿病在江西省呈现快速蔓延和加重发生的态势,危害蔬菜产业发展安全。研究十字花科作物根肿病影响因子,掌握病害发生的基本规律,有助于科学制定区域性根肿病治理对策。【方法】采用威廉士鉴别系统鉴定病原菌生理小种,研究病菌致病性分化对根肿病的影响。设置根肿病田间病圃,分期播种小白菜,分析气象因素对根肿病的影响。设计作物轮作试验并结合田间调查,探明轮作对根肿病的防控效果。通过田间与人工接种试验,研究混播对病情的影响。【结果】江西省根肿病菌小种种群增多,鉴定出1号、3号、4号、5号、8号、9号、12号、16号共8个生理小种,以9号为优势小种。不同小种对不同十字花科作物致病力表现差异,9号小种对甘蓝、油菜不致病,对大白菜、小白菜、紫菜薹等致病;4号小种对多数十字花科作物致病,但对萝卜致病力较弱。高温会影响病情严重度,低温则不利于根肿病发生,适宜根肿病发生的月平均气温在24℃左右。降雨量对根肿病情的影响无规律性变化,但适温条件下强降雨加重病情。与水稻、西瓜、玉米等进行短期轮作来调控根肿病毫无效果,多年甚至数十年水稻田改种小白菜依然能发生根肿病。病原菌为9号小种时,小白菜病情单播重于与油菜混播,油菜单播与混播均未发病;病原菌为4号小种时,小白菜、油菜单播与混播,各自根肿病均较重发生,病情未因播种方式改变而变化。【结论】江西省根肿病菌小种种群增多,不同小种对不同十字花科作物致病力表现差异。高温会影响病情严重度,低温则不利于根肿病发生。降雨量对根肿病情的影响无规律性变化,适温条件下强降雨加重病情。轮作对根肿病的控制效果十分有限。在特定条件下抗性不同的十字花科属种间作物混播似存在化感现象。
[Object]In recent years,clubroot disease has been spreading rapidly and become more serious in Jiangxi Province,endangering the development and safety of vegetable industry.To study the influencing factors in clubroot in cruciferous crops and master the basic rules of disease occurrence is helpful to formulate scientific regional clubroot management strategies.[Method]The effect of pathogen differentiation on clubroot was studied by using Williams identification system to identify the physiological races.The effects of meteorological factors on clubroot were analyzed by sowing pakchoi in the disease nursery of clubroot.Crop rotation experiments were designed and combined with field investigation to investigate the effect of crop rotation on clubroot control.Field and artificial inoculation experiments were carried out to study the effects of mixed seeding on the disease control.[Result]The number of races of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Jiangxi Province increased,and 8 physiological races No.1,No.3,No.4,No.5,No.8,No.9,No.12 and No.16 were identified,among which No.9 was the dominant race.Different races showed different pathogenicity to different cruciferous crops.No.9 race showed no pathogenicity to cabbage and rape,but to Chinese cabbage,pakchoi,purple caitai,etc.No.4 race was pathogenic to most cruciferous crops,but the pathogenicity to turnip was weak.High temperature affected the severity of the disease,and low temperature was not conducive to the occurrence of clubroot.The average monthly temperature suitable for clubroot disease was about 24℃.The influence of rainfall on the clubroot disease was not regular,but the severity of clubroot disease was aggravated by heavy rainfall under the suitable temperature condition.Short-term crop rotation with rice,watermelon and corn was not effective in controlling clubroot disease.The clubroot disease could still occur after many years or even decades of changing the planting of pakchoi in paddy fields.When the pathogen was race No.9,the disease of pakchoi was more serious by single sowing than by mixed sowing with rape,and no disease occurred in either single or mixed sowing of rape.When the pathogen was the race No.4,the clubroot disease of pakchoi and rape were severely developed by single sowing and mixed sowing,and the disease did not change with the change of sowing mode.[Conclusion]The number of Plasmodiophora brassicae races increased in Jiangxi Province,and the pathogenicity of different races to different cruciferous crops was different.High temperature affected the severity of clubroot disease,and low temperature was not conducive to the occurrence of clubroot disease.The influence of rainfall on clubroot disease was not regular,and heavy rainfall aggravated clubroot disease under suitable temperature condition.The effect of crop rotation on the control of clubroot disease was very limited.The allelopathic phenomenon seemed to exist in the mixed planting of crops with different resistance in different species of Cruciferae under certain conditions.
作者
黄蓉
胡建坤
姜仙美
丁云花
黄瑞荣
HUANG Rong;HU Jiankun;JIANG Xianmei;DING Yunhua;HUANG Ruirong(Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science,Nanchang 330200,China;Yushan County Seed Management Station,Shangrao,Jiangxi 334700,China;Beijing Vegetable Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期1022-1031,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养计划项目(20204BCJ23015)
江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCXQN202109)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003029)
江西省科研院所基础设施配套项目(20151BBA13034)。
关键词
江西省
十字花科蔬菜
根肿病
影响因子
Jiangxi province
cruciferous vegetables
clubroot
impact factor
