摘要
目的分析并比较我国城乡不同泌乳阶段的母乳中氨基酸构成及含量。方法采用横断面调查方法,选取11个省/市/自治区的20个调查点,覆盖城乡及不同泌乳阶段,收集产后0~330 d的母乳样本,并从总样本库(6481份)中随机抽取819份测定母乳中氨基酸含量。采用氨基酸自动分析仪同时测定母乳中17种总氨基酸含量(包括7种必需氨基酸);采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定母乳中牛磺酸含量。泌乳阶段划分为初乳(产后0~7d)、过渡乳(产后8~14d)、早期成熟乳(产后15~180d)和晚期成熟乳(产后181~330d)。结果17种总氨基酸中,以谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺的含量最为丰富,其次是亮氨酸,含量较低的是组氨酸和甘氨酸。初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳中各氨基酸的含量依次显著下降。苏氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸在早期、晚期成熟乳中含量较为稳定。牛磺酸的含量在初乳和过渡乳中基本持平,成熟乳含量显著下降,但在早期、晚期成熟乳中含量相对稳定。早期成熟乳中,6种必需氨基酸(除异亮氨酸外)含量均表现为城市高于农村,但用母乳总蛋白含量调整后,城乡氨基酸的组成无显著差异。我国乳母早期成熟乳中氨基酸的组成模式与WHO报告的数据基本一致。结论随着泌乳时间的延长,母乳中氨基酸含量显著下降。城乡母乳中氨基酸含量及构成的差异仍有待进一步研究。
Objective To analyze and compare the composition and contents of amino acids in human milk samples from different stages of lactation in urban and rural areas of China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out at 20 sites from urban and rural areas in 11 provinces of China.Among the total 6481 samples of breast milk from 0 to 330 days postpartum,819 were randomly chosen to determine the contents of 17 amino acids(including seven essential amino acids)simultaneously by using an automatic amino acid analyzer,while taurine in breast milk was determined by ultra-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The lactation stage was divided into colostrum(0~7 days postpartum),transitional milk(8~14 days postpartum),early mature milk(15~180 days postpartum)and late mature milk(181~330 days postpartum).Results Among the 17 amino acids,glutamate/glutamine was the most abundant,followed by leucine,while histidine and glycine were the lowest.The contents of amino acids in colostrum,transitional and mature milk decreased gradually but significantly.The contents of threonine,arginine,glycine and serine in early and late mature milk were relatively stable,so was the content of taurine in colostrum and transitional milk,which,however,decreased significantly in mature milk.The contents of six essential amino acids(except isoleucine)in early mature milk were higher in urban areas than in rural ones,but there was no significant difference in the composition of amino acids between urban and rural areas after adjustment with the concentration of total milk protein.The composition pattern of amino acids in early mature milk of Chinese lactating mothers was generally consistent with the data published by WHO.Conclusion With the prolongation of lactation,the contents of amino acids decrease significantly.The difference in amino acid contents and composition between urban and rural breast milk needs to be further studied.
作者
段一凡
任一平
喻颖杰
张燕燕
许培斌
杨振宇
荫士安
DUAN Yi-fan;REN Yi-ping;YU Ying-jie;ZHANG Yan-yan;XU Pei-bin;YANG Zhen-yu;YIN Shi-an(National Institute for Nutrition and Health,China CDC,Bejing 100050;Zhejing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051;Beijing Center for Dsease Prevention and Control,Beijing Researeh Center for Prevenive Medicine,Beijing 100013;WeihaiMaternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Weihai 264200;Women and Children's Hospital,Qingao University,Qingdao 266011,China)
出处
《营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期334-341,共8页
Acta Nutrimenta Sinica
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(No.2010AA023004)。
关键词
母乳
氨基酸
泌乳时间
城乡
中国
human milk
amino acids
lactation time
urban and rural areas
China
