摘要
随着耕种年限增加,土壤日益退化,菌糠作为廉价有机物料及土壤改良剂对土壤的可持续利用和作物生长都具有积极的影响,本研究采用随机区组试验设计方法,以黑木耳菌糠为试验材料,设置不施氮肥(CK),纯氮120 kg/hm2(T1),菌糠替代氮肥用量20%(T2)、40%(T3)、60%(T4)5个处理,将菌糠与0~20 cm土层土壤充分混匀。研究黑木耳菌糠对土壤理化性状及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,添加菌糠后土壤耕层贯入阻力下降;土壤三相比得到改善;土壤水稳性团聚体、平均重量直径(MWD)随菌糠添加量增加而增加,且各处理差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);土壤有机质及全氮含量表现为增加趋势;马铃薯产量与CK相比2015年各处理分别增产10.51%、3.31%、8.19%、9.01%,2016年分别提高4.61%、0.60%、5.13%、4.53%。结合马铃薯产量及经济效益结果,本研究认为菌糠替代氮肥40%为最佳用量。
Waste material of Auricularia auricula(WMAA)degenerated from the culture medium after edible fungi harvesting still contains quite a few nutrients that are beneficial to the growth of crops.WMAA is a good organic material and ameliorant for soil improvement.We adopted a randomized block test design method and investigated physicochemical properties and microorganisms of soil in fields amended with WMAA.Five treatments were set up as follows:no fertilization(CK),chemical nitrogen fertilizer 120 kg/ha(T1),application of WMAA instead of 20%(T2),40%(T3),60%(T4)chemical nitrogen fertilizer.The WMAA was fully mixed with soil surface horizon(0~20 cm).The findings demonstrated that application of the WMAA significantly decreased the penetration resistance of soil surface(0~20 cm).WMAA had a role in improvement of soil structure which was evident by a decrease soil solid phase,soil bulk density and increase MWD of soil water stable aggregates,which became more obvious as the amounts of WMAA were increased,and the difference indicated significant level compared with CK(P<0.05).Compared with CK,the yield of increase ratio was 10.51%,3.31%,8.19%,9.01%in 2015,and 4.61%,0.60%,5.13%,4.53%in 2016.The application of different amounts of WMAA had positive effect on soil and the yield of potato.Combined with the results of potato yield,the author concluded that the use of WMAA to instead of 40%nitrogen fertilizer was reasonable.
作者
孟庆英
张春峰
朱宝国
王囡囡
杨晓贺
顾鑫
高雪冬
姚亮亮
盖志佳
丁俊杰
MENG Qingying;ZHANG Chunfeng;ZHU Baoguo;WANG Nannan;YANG Xiaohe;GU Xin;GAO Xuedong;YAO Liangliang;GAI Zhijia;DING Junjie(Jiamusi Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154000;College of Land and Environ-mental Science,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)
出处
《东北农业科学》
2021年第5期21-25,共5页
Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences
基金
黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系(JM201700214)
黑龙江省农业科学院农业科技创新跨越工程项目(HNK2019CX14、HNK2019CX1304)。
关键词
黑木耳
菌糠
土壤
马铃薯
理化性状
Auricularia auricula
Waste material of Auricularia auricula
Soil
Potato
Physicochemical properties
