摘要
小叶锦鸡儿是内蒙古自治区重点开发利用的非竞争性饲料资源之一,目前其产业化利用仍处于瓶颈期,探寻其适宜饲用加工技术已成为当务之急。因此本研究以科尔沁沙地区花期(A_(1))、果期(A_(2))和生长季末期(A_(3))小叶锦鸡儿为原材料,添加糖蜜[不添加(C_(0))、10 g·kg^(-1)(C_(1))]和菌剂[不添加(B_(0))、0.02 g·kg^(-1)(B_(1))、0.04 g·kg^(-1)(B_(2))、0.06 g·kg^(-1)(B_(3))],分期进行青贮加工,以青贮前各生育期样品作为对照(CK_(1)、CK_(2)、CK_(3))。通过评价不同青贮小叶锦鸡儿营养价值的高低筛选出其最佳青贮加工技术。研究结果表明:除磷(P)含量外,小叶锦鸡儿青贮前的各营养成分含量均随生育期推移而变化显著;各生育期小叶锦鸡儿青贮前的营养价值大小排序为:生长季末期>花期>果期。菌剂在果期和生长季末期对青贮小叶锦鸡儿的营养成分影响较大,而糖蜜在花期影响较大,两者几乎不存在交互作用;小叶锦鸡儿青贮后的各营养成分含量在不同生育期之间无明显变化规律。最佳青贮加工技术为A_(2)+B_(1)+C_(0)(果期、添加菌剂0.02 g·kg^(-1),但不添加糖蜜),各项营养成分指标的权重大小顺序为粗蛋白(CP)>粗纤维(CF)>粗灰分(Ash)>酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)>磷(P)>无氮浸出物(NFE)>粗脂肪(EE)>钙(Ca);经A_(2)+B_(1)+C_(0)处理后,小叶锦鸡儿CP、EE、NFE和Ash含量较3个对照均有提高,分别为15.70%、1.79%、28.16%和5.59%,CF和ADL含量均有下降,分别为40.65%和11.83%。本研究可为我国北方干旱和半干旱地区锦鸡儿属非常规粗饲料的饲用青贮加工提供技术支持,对促进区域固沙植物资源化利用和养殖业的精致发展具有重要意义。
Caragana microphylla is one of the key available ruminant feed resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and its industry utilization is still in the development stage. There is therefore an urgent need to explore suitable feed processing technologies for this forage. In this study,C. microphylla herbage samples at florescence(A_(1)),fruit stage(A_(2))and at the end of the growing season(A_(3))in Horqin Sandy Land were ensiled with different amounts of added molasses[no addition(C_(0)),10 g·kg^(-1)(C_(1))]and silage inoculant bacteria[no addition(B_(0)),0. 02 g·kg^(-1)(B_(1)),0. 04 g·kg^(-1)(B_(2)),0. 06 g·kg^(-1)(B_(3))]. Samples of C. microphylla herbage for the three growth periods were collected before ensiling as controls(CK_(1), CK_(2), CK_(3)). The optimal silage processing technology was selected by evaluating the nutritional value of different C. microphylla silages. The results showed that,except for phosphorus(P)content,the nutrient contents of C. microphylla before ensiling differed significantly between growth periods,with the ranking being:A_(3)>A_(1)>A_(2). The effect of silage inoculant bacteria on the nutritive value of C. microphylla was greater at fruit stage and the end of the growing season than at florescence,while the effects of molasses were greater at florescence,and there was almost no interaction between them. After ensiling,the content of each C. microphylla silage displayed no obvious pattern of difference between different growth periods. The optimal silage processing methodology was A_(2)+B_(1)+C_(0)(harvest at fruit stage,add 0. 02 g·kg^(-1) silage inoculant bacteria,but no added molasses) and the weight ranking of nutritive value indexes was crude protein(CP)>crude fiber(CF)>crude ash(Ash)>acid detergent lignin(ADL)>phosphorus(P)>nitrogen free extract(NFE)>crude fat(EE)>calcium(Ca). Compared with the three controls,CP,EE,NFE and Ash contents of C.microphylla were enhanced by use of the optimal silage technology identified above,and the increases were15. 70%,1. 79%,28. 16% and 5. 59%,respectively. At the same time,the contents of CF and ADL were decreased by 40. 65% and 11. 83%,respectively. This study provides technical advice on methodology for ensiling Caragana roughage in arid and semi-arid areas of northern China to provide a non-conventional feed source. This development is expected to be of great significance for promoting adoption of regional sand-fixing plants in the reclamation and utilization of environmentally delicate sites to develop the animal breeding industry.
作者
胡鸿姣
刘新平
张铜会
何玉惠
王明明
张腊梅
孙姗姗
程莉
HU Hong-jiao;LIU Xin-ping;ZHANG Tong-hui;HE Yu-hui;WANG Ming-ming;ZHANG La-mei;SUN Shan-shan;CHENG Li(Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Science,Lanzhou 730000,China;Forestry and Grassland Service Center of Tongwei County,Gansu Province,Dingxi 743300,China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期181-190,共10页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目:科尔沁沙地生态沙产业关键技术集成试验与示范
中国科学院科技扶贫项目(KFJ-FP-202104)
国家自然科学基金项目(41801076,41371053)资助。
关键词
小叶锦鸡儿
生育期
营养价值
青贮技术
Caragana microphylla
growth period
nutritional value
silage processing methodology
