摘要
在整理多年来学术界研究成果的基础上,将清末涉及敦煌遗书流失和抢救的六十多位相关人物,分为失职官员、无为学人和有功人员三个群体大类,排列并尝试给予功过评议。在信息搜集、分析和评判过程中,对若干被忽略或未被重视的人物如王道士等,给予了中肯评价,就相关问题提出了若干新说,认为学人群体应对敦煌遗书流失负主要责任,但中国学者于1903年发现敦煌遗书并开启“敦煌学”。有相互独立、互洽、加第三方的确凿证据链可佐证“叶裴联合发现说”——凭借中国传统学术金石学的功夫技能,叶昌炽最早于1903年底对敦煌遗书年代做出了准确鉴定;裴景福于1906年初应叶氏之邀做出了相似结论的考证,并基本正确断定了藏经洞的封闭年代和原因,再加伯希和1907年对裴氏鉴定的抄录记载作为第三方印证——故叶、裴二人应一起确立为“敦煌遗书学术发现”的联合发现人和“敦煌学”的开山学者,由此“敦煌学的起始时间”也应由学界倾向的1909年提前至1903年。罗振玉等人极力抢救、追踪、传布敦煌遗书应得到肯定,金绍城并有最早自带甲骨出海、展示王仁山的甲骨文考证、一行涉足三大显学的佳话。对于斯坦因、伯希和及“考古学道德问题”,中国学人应站在新时代“构建人类命运共同体”的高度看待和研究历史学术问题,以向国际社会展示博大精深的中华文明。
Based on many years’research findings in the academic circle,over 60 relevant government officials involved in the loss and rescue of Dunhuang manuscripts in the late Qing Dynasty were divided into three groups of dereliction of duty,neglect of duty and meritorious service in order to make a list and comment on them.In the process of information collection,analysis,and evaluation,several neglected or undervalued government officials were found as follows:Taoist Wang was believed to be basically irresponsible,so it was recommended to keep Taoist Tower from being included in the textbook;government officials could hardly absolve themselves from the blame that they failed to perform their duties but stole the property in their charge of custody;the group of scholars were to blame more since they either took no action by sticking to the old routine or went looting and pillaging;but at the same time,the mutual independent and agreed plus a third-party conclusive evidence chain could support“the Ye and Pei Joint Discovery Theory”,by relying on the traditional Chinese epigraphy,Ye Changchi made an accurate authentication of the Dunhuang manuscripts at the end of 1903,Pei Jingfu made similar conclusions at the invitation of Ye Changchi at the beginning of 1906,and basically determined the correct age and reason of the closure of the scripture cave,in addition,Paul Pelliot and his transcribing records of Pei Jingfu’s appraisal in 1907 served as a third-party verification,accordingly,Ye Changchi and Pei Jingfu should be identified as the co-discoverers of“the Academic Discoveries of Dunhuang Manuscripts”and the pioneering scholars of“Dunhuang Studies”.As a result,the“starting time of Dunhuang Studies”should also be forwarded from 1909 to 1903;Luo Zhenyu’s efforts along with others’to rescue,track,and disseminate Dunhuang Manuscripts should be highly affirmed.Jin Shaocheng took his own oracle bones overseas and exhibited the textual research of Wang Renshan’s oracle bone inscriptions,and his team got heavily involved in the three eminent studies.In light of Marc Aurel Stein,Paul Pelliot and the“archeological moral issues”,Chinese scholars should further eliminate the interference of non-academic factors and deal with the historical academic issues from the perspective of“building a community with a shared future for mankind in the new era”.
作者
任光宇
Gary G.Jen(American independent scholar)
出处
《唐都学刊》
2021年第4期5-22,共18页
Tangdu Journal
关键词
敦煌学术史
敦煌遗书发现人
叶昌炽
裴景福
王道士
罗振玉
金绍城
Academic History of Dunhuang Studies
discoverers of Dunhuang Manuscripts
Ye Changchi
Pei Jingfu
Taoist Wang
Luo Zhenyu
Jin Shaocheng
