摘要
村镇聚落是人类活动与自然环境相互作用的产物,是促进城乡发展的关键。对村镇聚落进行空间分类制图是乡村分类管理和制定乡村振兴相关规划的基础。该文从生态景观角度,建立了基于村镇聚落的地形地貌和环境特征的村镇聚落空间分类制图方法。以北京市为例,实现了基于生态景观特征的北京市村镇聚落空间分类图,并在此基础上,对各种村镇聚落类型进行生态环境质量评价。研究结果显示,北京市村镇聚落可分为平原近郊平坡聚落、平原近郊缓坡聚落、平原远郊平坡聚落、平原远郊缓坡聚落、高台地缓坡聚落、高台地斜坡聚落、高平原平坡聚落、低山缓坡聚落、低山斜坡聚落、低山急坡聚落、高海拔聚落11种类型;坡度是影响村镇聚落分布和生态环境质量的主要因素,坡度越平缓,村镇聚落越密集,生态环境质量越差;平原和高平原地区村镇聚落较密集,生态环境相对较差;高台地和山区由于地势的影响,村镇聚落较稀疏,生态环境较好。
Rural settlements are the product of the combined effects of human activities and the natural environment, and are the key to promoting urban and rural development. The spatial classification and mapping of rural settlements is the basis of rural classified management and the development of rural revitalization related plans. From the perspective of ecological landscape, this paper established a method of classification and mapping of village settlements based on the topographic features and environmental characteristics of village settlements. Taking Beijing as an example, the spatial classification map of Beijing’s rural settlements based on ecological landscape features was realized, and on this basis, the quality of the ecological environment was evaluated for various types of villages settlements. Results show that Beijing’s rural settlements can be divided into eleven types including the settlement of flat slopes in the suburbs of the plain,the settlement of gentle slopes in the suburbs of the plain,the settlement of flat slopes in the far suburbs of the plain,the settlement of gentle slopes in the far suburbs of the plain,the high platform gentle slope settlement,the high platform slope settlement,the high plain flat slope settlement,the low mountain gentle slope settlement,the low mountain slope settlement,the settlement on a steep hill,the high altitude settlement.Slope is the important factor affecting the distribution of village settlements.The gentler the slope,the denser the village settlements,and the worse the ecological environment quality.Rural settlements in the plains and high plains are dense and have relatively poor ecological environment.Due to the influence of the terrain in the plateaus and mountains area,the rural settlements are sparse and have batter ecological environment.The research results can provide a reference for the development planning and ecological environment optimization of rural settlements in Beijing.
作者
张永彬
乔敏
宇林军
李明
ZHANG Yongbin;QIAO Min;YU Linjun;LI Ming(College of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063009,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Digsur Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100020,China)
出处
《测绘科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期159-166,共8页
Science of Surveying and Mapping
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100305)。
关键词
村镇聚落
生态景观特征
村镇聚落分类
遥感生态指数
生态环境质量评价
village settlements
ecological landscape characteristics
village settlement classifycation
remote sensing ecological index
ecological environment quality evaluation
