摘要
中国作为碳排放大国和能源消费大国,实现碳中和既是保障能源安全,促进能源可持续发展的必由之路,也是经济高质量发展和生态文明建设的重要驱动力。在新一轮科技革命和产业革命的推动,尤其是碳中和愿景下,关键矿产资源是战略性新兴产业不可或缺的物质基础,碳中和与关键矿产之间的纽带联动性将不断提升。碳中和作为新时代全球范围内一次新的能源革命,对关键矿产资源的需求剧增,维护关键矿产资源供给的安全稳定成为影响世界各国未来能源资源发展战略转型与战略性新兴产业发展的核心要素之一。但由于关键矿产具有品位偏低、矿石类型复杂、经常性共生伴生等特点,在勘探技术、价格波动等方面存在更大的模糊性和不确定性,因此,关键矿产全球有效治理也成为全球性的经济和政治议题。而且中国的优势关键矿产缺乏高端高附加值产品,在全球价值链中缺乏话语权,而中国的紧缺型关键矿产对外依存度较高,难以满足战略性新兴产业发展需求,同时关键矿产的共伴生性加剧了生产消费结构的不均衡。中国处于中高速发展过程中,面临高碳能源结构、产业结构等艰难挑战,亟需结合战略性新兴产业发展现状与趋势,走出一条既可以发挥资源、技术优势,又可以克服自身弱项的关键矿产可持续发展道路。完善关键矿产治理体系,统筹发展和安全,协同推进战略性新兴产业持续发展与保障关键矿产安全,既是加快构建发挥国内大循环的主导作用,国内国际双循环协同促进新发展格局的客观要求,又是经济高质量发展培育新动能与国际竞争优势的有效途径。
For China,a major carbon emitter and energy consumer,achieving carbon neutrality is the only way to ensure energy securi⁃ty and promote sustainable energy development.Carbon neutrality is also an important driving force for high⁃quality economic develop⁃ment and the construction of ecological civilization.Driven by the new round of technological and industrial revolutions,especially un⁃der the vision of carbon neutrality,an increasing number of people have begun to consider critical minerals as an indispensable material basis for strategic emerging industries,and to believe that the linkage between carbon neutrality and critical minerals will continue in⁃crease.As a new energy revolution on a global scale in the new era,carbon neutrality sharply stimulates demand for critical minerals so that the governments around the world will inevitably regard the security and stability of the supply of critical minerals as a core ele⁃ment affecting the development and transformation of energy and strategic emerging industries.However,critical minerals have low grade,complex and are mostly associated minerals in type.Therefore,more uncertainties exist in aspects such as exploration technology and price fluctuations.The effective governance of critical minerals has become a global economic and political issue.On the one hand,China lacks high⁃end and high value⁃added products and a greater say concerning its the superior critical minerals in the global value chain.On the other hand,China’s scarce critical minerals are highly dependent on foreign resources and are difficult to meet the devel⁃opment needs of strategic emerging industries.In addition,the symbiosis of critical minerals has exacerbated the imbalance in the struc⁃ture of production and consumption.In the context of carbon neutrality,China faces difficult challenges such as the medium⁃to⁃high⁃speed development process,high⁃carbon energy structure,and high⁃carbon industrial structure.Thus,combining with the development status and trends of strategic emerging industries,China develops a strategy that can not only leverage China’s resources and technolog⁃ical advantages,but also overcome its own weaknesses to realize the sustainable development path,improve the governance system of critical minerals and coordinately promote the sustainable development of strategic emerging industries and the safety of critical miner⁃als.Critical mineral management is an objective requirement for accelerating the formation of the main status of the domestic cycle and promoting the new development pattern in the domestic and international dual cycles,and is also an effective way to cultivate new driv⁃ers of high⁃quality development and international competitiveness.
作者
成金华
易佳慧
吴巧生
CHENG Jinhua;YI Jiahui;WU Qiaosheng(School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期135-142,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目“新时代战略性关键矿产资源供给安全与管理政策”(批准号:71991482)
贵州省哲学社会科学规划重大课题“十四五”时期贵州战略性新兴产业选择与培育机制研究(批准号:21GZZ1319)。
关键词
碳中和
战略性新兴产业
关键矿产资源管理
carbon neutrality
strategic emerging industry
critical mineral management
