摘要
目的分析深圳市宝安区5岁以下儿童的死亡资料,为降低儿童死亡率提供科学根据。方法从深圳市妇幼保健管理信息系统获取2011—2020深圳市宝安区年活产及5岁以下儿童死亡资料,回顾性分析死亡率、主要死因及变化趋势进行。结果 2011—2020年,深圳市宝安区新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别从2011年的1.99‰、2.82‰、3.56‰下降至2020年的0.89‰、1.42‰、1.69‰,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.299、20.307、29.160,P均<0.01),10年平均死亡率分别为1.45‰、2.29‰、2.95‰,下降趋势差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.732、41.109、62.075,P均<0.01)。在5岁以下儿童死亡中,新生儿死亡占49.15%。流动人口的新生儿、婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率均高于常住人口,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=72.558、262.862、480.479,P均<0.01)。5岁以下儿童前5位主要死因为早产或低出生体质量、出生窒息、其他先天异常、意外窒息、先天性心脏病。结论 2011—2020年,深圳市宝安区5岁以下儿童各年龄组死亡率均下降,提高新生儿特别是早产或低出生体质量的抢救成功率,降低出生窒息和意外窒息及出生缺陷发生率,保障流动人口医疗保健服务是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。
Objective To analyze the death data of children under 5 years old during 2011 and 2020 in Bao′an district, to understand the mortality rate and the major causes of death, and to provide a scientific evidence for reducing the mortality of children. Methods The death data of children under 5 years old from 2011 to 2020 in Bao′ an district were retrieved from Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Management Information System. Chi-square test and linear trend test were used to retrospectively analyze the mortality, major causes of death and changing trends. Results In the past 10 years, the mortality rate of newborns, infants and children under 5 years old in Bao′an district of Shenzhen dropped from 1.99‰, 2.82‰ and 3.56‰ in 2011 to 0.89‰, 1.42‰ and 1.69‰ in 2020, the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=18.299,20.307,29.160,P<0.01). The 10-year average mortality rates in newborns, infants and children under 5 years old were 1.45‰, 2.29‰ and 2.95‰, respectively, with significant down-ward trends(χ^(2)=30.732, 41.109, 62.075, P<0.01). Neonatal deaths accounted for 49.15% of deaths among children under 5 years old. From 2011 to 2020, the mortality rates of migrating newborns, infants and children under 5 years old were significantly higher than that of local children(χ^(2)=72.558, 262.862, 480.479, P<0.01). The top 5 causes of death were premature birth or low birth weight, birth asphyxia, other congenital abnormalities, accidental asphyxia and congenital heart disease. Conclusions In the past 10 years, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Bao’an District of Shenzhen has decreased significantly in all age groups. Improving the rescue success rate of newborns,especially those premature or with low birth weight,reducing the incidence of birth asphyxia,accidental asphyxia and birth defects and ensuring health care services for migrating kids are the key points to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.
作者
赵晓丽
刘卓娅
罗美芳
郭玉琴
彭琼玲
马丽亚
ZHAO Xiao-Li;LIU Zhuo-Ya;LUO Mei-Fang;GUO Yu-Qin;PENG Qiong-Ling;MA Li-Ya(Bao′an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Jinan University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518101,China)
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期378-383,共6页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
深圳市宝安区医疗卫生基础研究项目(2020JD119)。
关键词
死亡率
死因
儿童
Mortality rate
Cause of death
Child
