摘要
作为人与自然关系的最初体现,图腾神话是中国北方满—通古斯语族的最早神话形式,涵盖植物图腾神话、动物图腾神话与非生物图腾神话这三种类型。它生发于母系氏族社会,兴于母系和父系氏族社会,至阶级社会则日渐衰微。图腾神话的产生是世界范围内普遍存在的现象,既有图腾的功能满足了人类的某种生存需要的现实基础,也有原始人根据“近邻原则”“相似律”选择或产生图腾的心理基础,还有人类的早期思维受“互渗律”“灵魂观”支配的思维基础。因满—通古斯语族历史发展复杂以及共同体形成较晚,满—通古斯语族没有共同崇拜的图腾,却因之保存了图腾神话的原始性与本真性。
As the initial manifestation of the relationship between man and nature,totemic myths are the earliest form of mythology in the Manchu-Tungus Group over northern China,including Plant Totemic Myths,Animal Totemic Myths and Non-biological Totemic myths.They originated in matrilineal society,prevailed in matrilineal society and patrilineal society,and declined in the classic society.The production of Totemic Myths was a universal phenomenon in the world.One was that the function of totems satisfied a certain survival need of human beings;the other was that primitive humans had the concept of"comparison of the same kind"based on the"law of similarity".The third was that the early thinking originated from human beings was mainly governed by the"law of interpenetration".Due to the complicated historical development of the Manchu-Tungus Group and the relatively late formation of the community,the Manchu-Tungus Group did not have totems that they all worship,but it preserves the originality and authenticity of the Totemic Myths.
关键词
满—通古斯语族
图腾神话
类型
特征
产生基础
Manchu-Tungusic Group
Totemic Myths
Types
Features
Basis of Production
