摘要
人类活动导致重金属污染逐步扩大,生物为了适应重金属污染而产生的抗性能够应用于重金属修复.相比于物理化学修复,植物和微生物修复更具环保性、经济性.对植物和微生物的重金属抗性机制和相关基因,以及植物-微生物联合修复技术与应用进行综述.植物与微生物抗重金属过程均由多个基因控制,污染地区的原位植物和微生物具有更好的环境适应能力和应用潜力,是抗性资源挖掘的理想来源.当前,基因组学手段成为挖掘生物重金属抗性资源的关键手段,同时基因的水平转移以及基因编辑技术的应用极大地丰富了抗性资源及表达.此外,植物-复合微生物联合作用提高了修复可行性和效率.微生物通过促生作用、分泌酸性物质、增加植物中重金属运输、螯合、抗氧化等相关基因表达来增强植物修复能力,但内生菌辅助植物修复重金属机制尚不明确.目前常用复合菌剂包括多种根际促生菌、细菌-真菌、根际菌-内生菌组合,但其应用受到接种方式和施用条件的影响.由于污染环境的复合性和复杂性,未来多功能基因表达技术的开发和复合植物-微生物修复机制研究将会成为焦点.
A series of resistance systems against heavy metals has evolved in many organisms because of the extensive pollution of heavy metals by anthropogenic disturbance,which may have applications for the remediation of heavy metal contamination.Compared with traditional and physicochemical remediation,plant and microbial remediations are more suitable for ecological remediation as they are more environmentally friendly and less expensive.We reviewed the gene resources and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal resistance in plants and microorganisms,and summarized the technology and application of plantmicroorganism remediation.The resistance process of heavy metals within plants and microorganisms is encoded by multiple genes.The in-situ plants and microorganisms in polluted areas present greater environmental adaptability and higher applicable potential,and are ideal materials for developing resistance resources.Genomics has become an excellent tool for mining resistant gene resources.It is promising to find that horizontal gene transfer and gene editing technology enriches the heavy metal resistant resources,and also increases the expression of resistance.Moreover,higher repair feasibility and efficiency can be possibly achieved by plant-microorganism combined systems.Microorganisms enhance the remediation capacity of plants by promoting growth,secreting acidic substances to dissolve heavy metals,and amplifying the genetic expression of heavy metal transport,chelation,antioxidants,and other resistance processes in plants.However,the mechanism of endophyte-assisted phytoremediation remains unclear.To date,composite microbial agents,such as multiple plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,bacterial-fungal combinations,and rhizosphere microorganism-endophyte combinations,are commonly used,but their application is affected by the inoculation methods and application conditions.In general,diverse and complex pollution environments require the development of cross-species and multi-gene editing techniques,and future remediation should focus on the resistance mechanism of compound plant-microorganism synergistic remediation.
作者
李婷
吴明辉
杨馨婷
杨化菊
王越
段昌群
LI Ting;WU Minghui;YANG Xinting;YANG Huaju;WANG Yue;DUAN Changqun(School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650000,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments,Kunming 650000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期1405-1414,共10页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(12002208,31670522)
云南省重点科研项目(202101AS070033)资助。
关键词
重金属污染
抗性基因
基因挖掘
基因水平转移
植物-复合菌株修复
heavy metal pollution
resistance gene
gene mining
horizontal gene transfer
compound plantmicroorganism remediation
