摘要
精准施药的目标是实现冠层内雾滴的全覆盖和均匀沉积。然而,作物冠层形态、郁闭度和枝叶力学参数等特征差异大,需综合靶标特征参数、器械施药能力、施药环境条件等作业工况参数,才能实现最少药液用量和最佳雾滴沉积的双重目标,从而提高药液利用率、确保防治效果、降低环境污染。雾滴沉积机理、检测与分析是精准施药参数优化与控制的决策依据,成为数字化、智能化植保作业装备技术发展的研究热点。首先分析了不同施药方式下冠层内雾滴沉积过程及辅助手段对沉积性能的影响机理,归纳了改善作物冠层内雾滴沉积的不同研究视角、方法和层次。然后从沉积性能田间试验研究、沉积机理分析与建模、雾滴沉积检测与评价、施药作业参数优化等方面重点阐述,分析了近年来冠层雾滴沉积中雾滴、枝叶、气流等交互作用研究的共性关键问题,归纳了该领域技术研究的开放性问题。最后总结了精准施药技术中作物冠层雾滴沉积相关研究面临的挑战和机遇,提出了融合多源传感技术和大数据分析及深度学习等人工智能技术,构建作物冠层雾滴运移及沉积数字孪生体,实现冠层雾滴运移沉积过程数字化描述与分析的研究建议。
The goal of precise application is to achieve full coverage and uniform deposition of droplets in the canopy.However,the characteristics of crop canopy morphology,canopy closure and mechanical parameters of branches and leaves are different.It is necessary to integrate target characteristic parameters,equipment application ability,spraying environment and operating conditions to achieve the minimum dosage and optimal fogging,which can increase the utilization rate of the chemical solution,ensure the prevention and control effect,and reduce environmental pollution.The droplet deposition mechanism,detection and analysis are the decision-making basis for the optimization and control of precise application parameters,which have become a research hotspot in the development of digital and intelligent crop protection.Firstly,the droplets deposition process in canopy and its influencing factors by different application methods was analyzed.Secondly,the various research perspectives,methods and levels of droplet deposition were introduced from four directions:empirical research on deposition performance,analysis and modeling of deposition mechanism,detection and evaluation of droplet deposition,and operating parameters optimization of pesticide application.The common key issues in recent study of the interaction of droplets,branches and leaves,and airflow in canopy droplet deposition were analyzed,and the open problems in this field research were proposed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities faced by the crop canopy droplet deposition research in precision application were summarized.And it was suggested to integrate multi-source sensing technology,big data analysis and deep learning and other artificial intelligence technologies to build a digital twin of crop canopy droplet transport and deposition,so as to realize the digital description and analysis of canopy droplet transport and deposition process.
作者
刘雪美
刘兴华
崔慧媛
苑进
LIU Xuemei;LIU Xinghua;CUI Huiyuan;YUAN Jin(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Agricultural Equipment Intelligent Engineering Laboratory,Taian 271018,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期1-20,共20页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52075308)
山东省棉花产业技术体系产业创新团队项目(SDAIT-03-09)。
关键词
精准施药
雾滴沉积
沉积机理
参数优化
precision spraying
droplets deposition
deposition mechanism
parameter optimization
