摘要
针对油菜直播机常用外槽轮排肥器排肥稳定性和均匀性不足及各行一致性低等问题,设计了一种四头螺旋双行排肥器。分析了肥料颗粒在螺旋排肥中的运动特性,确定了排肥螺旋螺距范围和临界转速,运用EDEM仿真分析得出排肥螺旋头数为四头和螺距为24 mm时,排肥器具有最佳的排肥性能;开展了排肥螺旋转速对排肥器排肥性能影响和不同肥料适应性的台架试验,试验结果表明,排肥速率随排肥螺旋转速增大而增加,单行排肥速率为461.19~1328.57 g/min,排肥均匀性变异系数随排肥螺旋转速增大而变小,在转速大于30 r/min时,排肥均匀性变异系数小于6.5%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数和双行排肥量一致性变异系数均小于2.2%;同时研究表明一器双行四头螺旋排肥器能适应广泛应用的不同类型油菜直播常用复合肥,3种试验肥料排肥均匀性变异系数均满足施肥标准,总排肥量稳定性变异系数和双行排肥量一致性变异系数均低于3.3%。田间试验结果表明,理论施肥量为28.87 kg时,一器双行螺旋排肥器实际施用量与理论施用量相对误差为2.33%,排肥均匀性变异系数为6.73%,双行排肥量一致性变异系数为1.98%。试验结果满足油菜直播生产施肥要求,可为油菜直播排肥器的结构改进和优化提供参考。
The outer grooved wheel fertilizer apparatus commonly used in rape direct seeding machine,has problems of inadequate fertilizer stability and low consistency coefficient of each row.Therefore,a quad-screw double-row fertilizer discharging device was designed.The movement of fertilizer particles in the device was analyzed.The range of the screw pitch and the speed of screw rotation were studied.The discharging device was best performed when the number of discharging screw was four and the screw pitch was 24 mm,which was analyzed by EDEM simulations.The bench tests studied the discharging affection for the speed of screw rotation and adaptability with different fertilizers.The results showed that the discharging rate was increased while the speed of screw rotation was added from 20 r/min to 60 r/min;the discharging rate of single-row was raised from 461.19 g/min to 1328.57 g/min as well.The coefficient of variation(CV)of discharging rate was dropped with the increment of the screw rotation speed.When the screw rotation speed was over 30 r/min,the CV of discharging rate was less than 6.5%.The CV of the total discharge rate and the CV between two single-row were both less than 2.2%.Also the results showed that the quad-screw double-row fertilizer discharging device was compatible with different types of fertilizers commonly used for rapeseed direct-seeding in Hubei Province.The CV of three kinds of fertilizers were all in keeping with the fertilization standards,and the CV of the total discharge rate and the CV between two single-row was less than 3.3%.Field test results showed that when the actual discharging amount was set as 28.87 kg,the error of the discharging device between the actual discharging amount and the theoretical amount was 2.33%,the CV of discharging was 6.73%,and the CV between two single-row were both 1.98%.The results showed that the quad-screw double-row fertilizer discharging device met the demand of fertilization for rapeseed direct-seeding.The research result may provide a reference for the structural improvement of fertilizer discharging device for rapeseed direct-seeding.
作者
肖文立
廖宜涛
单伊尹
李蒙良
王磊
廖庆喜
XIAO Wenli;LIAO Yitao;SHAN Yiyin;LI Mengliang;WANG Lei;LIAO Qingxi(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期68-77,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000904)。
关键词
油菜
排肥器
一器双行
定量施肥
多头螺旋
rape
fertilizer apparatus
double-row
quantitative fertilization
multi-start screw
