摘要
植被格局对森林水文过程具有显著影响,量化分析不同植被类型的产流产沙特征很有必要。为探究天山北坡山地森林产流产沙特征及其影响因素,依托天山森林生态系统定位研究站,依据植被类型、林龄、郁闭度、人工林管理方式设置坡面径流观测场14个,对产流产沙量进行了6年的观测,结果表明,(1)各样地的产流产沙量在年际间随降雨量有较大差异,降雨量与产流产沙量相关性显著,并呈多项式分布(P=0—2.952×10^(−7),r^(2)=0.464—0.698)。(2)裸地的径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数显著高于其他植被类型(P<0.001);天然林中,径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数随着林龄的增加逐渐降低,而土壤侵蚀模数在不同林龄间无显著差异(P=0.089—0.984);郁闭度为0.2和0.4的天然中龄林的径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数显著大于郁闭度为0.6和0.8的天然中龄林(P=0.008—0.021);人工林不同管理方式间产流产沙量无显著差异(P=0.657—0.992)。(3)通过径流系数、侵蚀模数与其影响因素的冗余分析和相关性分析,平均株高、郁闭度、冠层活枝高,土壤饱和含水量、枯落物厚度与径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数呈现负相关关系(r=−0.592—−0.842)。研究结果表明在天山北坡山地森林植被覆盖会减小森林地表径流量,而乔木林具有良好的减沙效果。
Vegetation patterns have a significant impact on the hydrological processes of forests,including runoff and sediment yield.In order to explore the characteristics of these processes and the influencing factors of vegetation type,forest age,canopy density,and artificial forest in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain,we set up 14 slope observation fields to observe runoff and sediment yield over a 6-year period.The results showed,(1)the runoff and sediment yield increased with precipitation and varied between years,described by the power function distribution(P=0‒2.952×10^(−7),r^(2)=0.464‒0.698).(2)The runoff coefficient and erosion modulus of bare land was significantly higher than that of others(P<0.001).The runoff coefficient of middle-aged forests was significantly higher than that of mature forests(P=0.089‒0.984),with no significant difference in soil erosion modulus(P=0.089‒0.984).The runoff coefficient and soil erosion modulus of natural middle-aged forests with a canopy density of 0.2 and 0.4 were significantly higher than those of natural middle-aged forests with a canopy density of 0.6 and 0.8(P=0.008‒0.021);with no significant effects on runoff and sediment yield between the different plots(P=0.657‒0.992).(3)By increasing canopy interception water,reducing the falling speed of raindrops,increasing surface roughness,and soil water infiltration,the average tree height,soil moisture content,litter thickness,and runoff coefficient and soil erosion modulus(r=−0.592‒−0.842).In general,the forest vegetation coverage can reduce surface runoff on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain,and the natural forest and artificial forest has good soil and water conservation ability.
作者
孙雪娇
李吉玫
张毓涛
李翔
芦建江
佘飞
SUN Xuejiao;LI Jimei;ZHANG Yutao;LI Xiang;LU Jianjiang;SHE Fei(Institute of Forest Ecology,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830002,China;Xinjiang Tianshan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Urumqi 830063,China;Administration of State-owned Forest of Western Tianshan,Yining 835000,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期1821-1830,共10页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(KY2020018)。
关键词
产流量
产沙量
植被类型
天山山地森林
郁闭度
林龄
径流系数
土壤侵蚀模数
runoff
sediment yield
vegetation type
Tianshan Mountains forest
canopy density
forest age
runoff coefficient
erosion modulus
