摘要
小微开敞空间能弥补避难场所在空间布局上的不足,保障居民避难的空间公平。针对西安市地震事件,通过选取典型研究区开展走访与问卷调查,对适于紧急避难的小微开敞空间进行识别,并对其容灾能力和可达性进行评价,最后基于个体避难行为微观调查,开展小微开敞空间实际应急效能实证研究。结果表明:1)从安全性和有效性角度看,研究区适于紧急避难的小微开敞空间由绿地、楼宇间和校园内空地及公共停车场组成。2)小微开敞空间容灾能力和可达性空间差异显著。其中,城中村、老旧小区、单位大院等“街区制”街区以及道路沿线区域小微开敞空间容灾能力较弱,但可达性较好,而别墅和高档住宅区等“封闭式”居住区容灾能力较强,但可达性较差。3)根据居民避难行为特征发现,广泛渗透于高密度区且居民方便接触、容易接近和感知的小微开敞空间,其实际应急效能整体较高,是居民临时避难的主要目的地。研究结果可为城市小微开敞空间识别及其灾时应急救灾能力评价提供依据。
Small-micro open spaces make up for the lack of spatial layout and quantity of emergency shelters,and ensure the spatial fairness of residents′refuge.According to earthquake events happened in Xi′an,a typical case area is firstly selected to discern the small-micro open spaces,which are suitable for emergency refuge.Secondly,the disaster tolerance ability and the accessibility of the small-micro open spaces are evaluated.Finally,based on the micro survey data of individual evacuation behavior,the quantitative assessment on the emergency relief effectiveness of small-micro open spaces is conducted.It is found as follows.1)From the perspective of safety and efficiency,the small-micro open spaces,which are suitable for emergency refuge,are composed of green spaces,open spaces among buildings,open spaces in campus and public parking lots.2)The disaster tolerance ability and accessibility of the small-micro open spaces have significant spatial differences.The disaster tolerance ability of the small-micro open spaces in"block system"districts are weak,such as the villages in the city,old residential areas,unit compounds and areas along the roads,while the accessibility is better.On the contrary,the small-micro open spaces in the"closed"districts such as villas and high-end residential areas have stronger disaster tolerance ability,but poorer accessibility.3)According to the actual residential evacuation behaviors,the actual emergency relief effectiveness of small-micro open spaces,which are widely infiltrated in high-density urban building areas and easy for residents to approach and perceive,is relatively higher.They are important refuge destinations for residents during disasters.This study is helpful for discerning the urban small-micro open spaces and providing basis for the evaluation of emergency relief capacity of urban small-micro open spaces.
作者
陈晨
程林
窦睿音
CHEN Chen;CHENG Lin;DOU Rui-yin(School of Tourism & Research Institute of Human Geography,Xi′an International Studies University,Xi′an 710128;School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710119,China)
出处
《地理与地理信息科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期71-77,共7页
Geography and Geo-Information Science
基金
陕西省自然科学基金项目“大城市居民地震避难行为安全性评价及应急疏散优化——以西安为例”(2021JQ-770)。
关键词
小微开敞空间
避难行为
应急救灾效能
避难场所
中心城区
small-micro open spaces
evacuation behavior
emergency relief effectiveness
shelters
urban center
