摘要
黄精(Polygonati rhizoma)始载于我国第一部药学专著《神农本草经》,"以其得坤土之精粹"而得名,是传统经典的食药两用植物,可以代替粮食.现代研究表明,黄精根茎不含淀粉,富含非淀粉多糖、低聚果糖、甾体、三萜皂苷、黄酮等营养和功效成分,具有补气养阴、健脾、润肺、益肾之效,特别是非淀粉多糖、低聚果糖,与抗性淀粉同样具有降低餐后血糖的作用,而且可以通过促进胰岛素分泌和提高胰岛素敏感性调节血糖、提高免疫力,是糖尿病患者、老年人性价比最高的食疗产品之一.黄精多年生,无需每年播种,生长季节长,具有广泛的抗逆性,可做到一次种植永续采收,符合建立多样化的多年生粮食种植体系的现代理念,是实现农业可持续发展的重要手段;天然多倍化和非整倍化现象,为倍性育种提供了天然材料;适合亚热带、温带、寒温带林下大规模种植,不需良田、不占耕地、不争林地、不要仓贮,"藏粮于林下",是保障国家粮食安全、粮食产业转型升级的新路径;利用现有技术,林下规范种植每公顷产1500 kg干品,按现行市场价75元/kg计算,每公顷年产值112500元,从而实现山区群众不砍树也能富,真正实现"绿水青山就是金山银山".如果10%的储备林、5%经济林下种植黄精,可生产黄精569万吨,种植业产值可达4268亿元.黄精遗传多样性丰富,品种改良与高效栽培潜力巨大,深入挖掘黄精根茎淀粉缺失机制,可为其他粮食作物品质改良提供重要理论基础.
Huangjing(Polygonati rhizoma),named after“its absorption of the essence from the earth”,was first recorded in the Chinese pharmaceutical monograph Sheng Nong’s Herbal Classic;was named after“its absorption of the essence from the earth”.Polygonati rhizoma is a traditional classic dual-purpose plant used in food and medicine and can replace food.Current research shows that Polygonati rhizoma does not contain starch,but is rich in non-starch polysaccharides,fructooligosaccharides,steroids,triterpenoid saponins,flavonoids and other nutritional components.It has the functions of nourishing Qi and Yin,invigorating the spleen,moisturizing the lung and replenishing the kidney.Non-starch polysaccharides and fructooligosaccharides in Polygonati rhizoma not only have similar effects like resistant starch in lowering postprandial blood glucose,but also enhancing immunity and regulating glucose by promoting insulin secretion and improving insulin sensitivity.The plant becomes one of the most cost-effective food therapy products for diabetic patients and the elderly.Polygonati rhizoma is a perennial plant with a long growth period and a wide range of stress resistance.It can be planted once and harvested continuously.The plant conforms to the modern concept,which establishes a perennial diversified food planting system for sustainable agricultural development.The natural polyploidization and aneuploidy of Polygonati rhizome provide study materials for ploidy breeding.The plant is suitable for large-scale cultivation in subtropical,temperate and cold temperate forests.It does not require fertile land,does not need to occupy arable land,does not need to compete with forest,and does not need warehouse storage.Instead,it is a“food storage in the forest”.Polygonatum planting is an innovative way to ensure national food security and the transformation as well as upgrading of the food industry.With current technology aid,standard in-forest planting of polygonati rhizoma can produce 1500 kg dry products per hectare.In return,based on the current market price of 75 yuan per kg,the annual output value per hectare is 112,500 yuan.This suggests that people in mountainous areas can become rich without cutting down trees,and accord with the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.Suppose Polygonati rhizoma were planted in 10%reserve forests and 5%economic forests.In that case,a total of5.69 million tons of Polygonatum could be produced,the output value of planting industry could reach 426.8 billion yuan.Polygonati rhizoma is rich in genetic diversity and has great potential for germplasm improvement and high-efficiency cultivation.In-depth investigation of the mechanism underlying starch deficiency in its rhizome can provide an important theoretical basis for quality improvement of crops.
作者
斯金平
朱玉贤
SI JinPing;ZHU YuXian(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute for Advanced Studies,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《中国科学：生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期1477-1484,共8页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
浙江省重大科技专项(批准号:2021C02020)资助。
关键词
黄精
粮食
淀粉
药食同源
林下种植
多年生
多倍化
非淀粉多糖
Polygonati rhizoma
food
starch
medicinal and edible plant
in-forest planting
perennation
polyploidization
non-starch polysaccharide
