摘要
生态补偿作为中国的一项重要环境保护政策,在多个自然资源领域取得了显著成效,然而在大气污染防治方面的有效性缺乏相关技术检验。鉴于此,该研究基于2014年1月至2019年12月全国286个地级市月度面板数据,以地方空气质量生态补偿政策的实施为准自然实验,运用多期双重差分法(DID)、倾向性得分匹配(PSM)和三重差分法(DDD)等方法考察了生态补偿政策对辖区内城市空气质量的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示:①地方空气质量生态补偿政策的实施显著降低了城市大气污染物浓度,促使PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)的月均浓度分别下降6.881μg/m^(3)、10.190μg/m^(3)、5.755μg/m^(3)及1.647μg/m^(3)。这表明生态补偿政策有助于促进大气污染外部效应内在化,增加地方政府大气治理积极性。②进一步分析可知,生态补偿政策对城市空气质量的改善存在着加速效应,促使PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2) 的月均浓度同比改善率分别提升7.17%、10.90%、6.86%、11.30%。③异质性分析显示,适当缩短生态补偿政策的考核周期,有助于加强其对城市空气质量的改善作用。④基于三重差分法的机制检验显示,生态补偿政策有助于从整体层面上提高地方能源使用效率,推进城市产业结构高级化,进而有效地改善了城市空气质量。⑤稳健性检验发现,省级层面整体空气质量亦能够得到改善。基于以上研究结论,提出相应建议:首先,不断完善空气质量生态补偿政策,从考核周期的合理化及融资渠道的多元化等方面助力生态补偿长效机制的形成。其次,合理引导地方产业转型升级,持续提升能源使用效率,充分发挥生态补偿对空气质量的改善作用。最后,着力构建国家层面大气污染生态补偿政策,加快形成大气污染联防联控机制。
As an important environmental protection policy in China,ecological compensation has made remarkable achievements in many fields of natural resources,but its effectiveness in air pollution prevention and control lacks relevant technical tests.In view of this and based on the January 2014-December 2019 monthly panel data from 286 Chinese cities,this article took the implementation of local governments’quality ecological compensation scheme as a quasi⁃natural experiment,and used multiple phase difference in differ⁃ences method(DID),propensity score matching(PSM)and triple difference(DDD)method to investigate the effect of ecological compen⁃sation mechanism on urban air quality and its mechanism.The results showed that:①The implementation of local air quality ecologi⁃cal compensation policy significantly reduced the concentration of urban air pollutants,and reduced the monthly mean concentrations of PM2.5,PM10,SO2 and NO2 by 6.881μg/m3,10.190μg/m3,5.755μg/m3 and 1.647μg/m3,respectively.This result showed that the eco⁃logical compensation policy could promote the internalization of the external effects of air pollution and increase the initiative of local governments in air pollution control.②Further analysis showed that the ecological compensation policy had an accelerated effect on the improvement of urban air quality,with the improvement rates of PM2.5,PM10,SO2 and NO2 increased by 7.17%,10.90%,6.86%and 11.30%,respectively.③Heterogeneity analysis showed that appropriately shortening the assessment period of ecological compensation policy was conducive to enhancing its effect on urban air quality.④The mechanism test based on the triple difference method showed that the ecological compensation policy was helpful to improve the efficiency of local energy use on the whole level,promote the upgrad⁃ing of urban industrial structure,and then effectively improve the local air quality.⑤The robustness test found that the overall air qual⁃ity at the provincial level could also be improved.Based on the above research conclusions,corresponding suggestions are put forward.Firstly,the ecological compensation policy for air quality should be continuously improved to help form a long⁃term mechanism of eco⁃logical compensation from the aspects of the rationalization of assessment cycle and the diversification of financing channels.Secondly,it is necessary to reasonably guide the transformation and upgrading of local industries,continuously improve the energy use efficiency,and give full play to the improvement effect of ecological compensation on air quality.Finally,efforts should be made to build a national ecological compensation policy for air pollution and accelerate the formation of air pollution joint prevention and control mechanism.
作者
淦振宇
踪家峰
GAN Zhenyu;ZONG Jiafeng(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Yangtze Industrial Economic Institute,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210008,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期118-129,共12页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划“大气污染成因与控制技术研究”重点专项“大气污染区域联防联控制度和管理技术体系研究”(批准号:2018YFC0213600)
南开大学亚洲中心项目“辖区合并与城市公共物品的提供——以北京、天津、上海等为例”(批准号:AS1604)。
