摘要
非洲铀矿资源丰富,在全球占有重要地位,是我国利用铀矿资源的重要来源地。通过分析非洲259处已知铀矿床(点)的地质特征与勘查开发现状,揭示非洲铀矿资源具有分布集中、规模巨大、矿床类型多样等特点,砂岩型、古石英-卵石砾岩型、侵入岩型是最重要的铀矿类型,非洲铀矿主要分布于卡普瓦尔克拉通、新元古代褶皱带的达马拉褶皱带和西非活动带伊勒姆登大型盆地,成矿作用明显受地层、构造、岩浆岩等控制。不同类型矿床成矿时代具有各自特征,古石英-卵石砾岩型铀矿床全部形成于太古宙,侵入岩型铀矿床大多形成于元古宙,砂岩型铀矿床形成时代跨度大,从元古宙到新生代均有产出。近十年来非洲新增铀储量27万吨。建议国内企业抓住机遇,以侵入岩型和砂岩型铀矿为投资重点,加强在纳米比亚和尼日尔等铀矿资源国的勘查开发合作。
Africa is endowed with abundant uranium resources,occupying a very important position of mining in the world.It is one of the main sources of uranium ore import to China.This paper summarizes the geological characteristics of 259 known uranium deposits and their status of exploration and development in Africa.Data suggest that African uranium resources are characterized by of concentrated distribution,huge scale,and diverse deposit types.The sandstone,paleo-quartz-pebble conglomerate and intrusive rock types dominate uranium deposits in Africa.These deposits are mainly located in the Capwal Craton,the Damara fold belt of the Neoproterozoic fold zone,and the Ilemden large basin in the West Africa active zone.And the mineralization is controlled by strata,structure,and magmatic rocks.The metallogenic ages of different types of uranium deposits have distinct features.Paleo-quartz-pebble conglomerate type uranium deposits were all formed in the Archean Eon.Most of the intrusive rock type uranium deposits were formed in the Proterozoic Eon.The sandstone type uranium deposits were formed from the Proterozoic Eon to the Cenozoic Era.In the past decade,more than 270,000 tons of uranium reserves have been discovered in Africa.It is recommended that Chinese enterprises should seize the opportunity to strengthen exploration and development cooperation in uranium resource countries such as Namibia and Niger,with investment focusing on uranium mines of intrusive rocks and the sandstone type.
作者
陈秀法
陈喜峰
张振芳
于瑞
CHEN Xiufa;CHEN Xifeng;ZHANG Zhenfang;YU Rui(Development Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037)
出处
《地质与勘探》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1191-1202,共12页
Geology and Exploration
基金
中国地质调查局项目(编号:DD20190455、DD20211404)资助。
关键词
非洲
铀矿
资源分布
地质特征
勘查开发
Africa
uranium resources
uranium deposit distribution
geological feature
exploration and development
