摘要
鄱阳湖地处江西省北部和长江中下游南岸一侧,是我国第一大淡水湖。在鄱阳湖老爷庙水域,近半个多世纪来已有百余艘船只离奇沉没失踪,因此该水域被称为“中国百慕大”。沉船原因众说纷纭,前人对该水域做过水下考古、物探等多项调研,但仍未探明沉船事件的确切成因。作者近年来对该水域作了多次气象、水文、地质调研和物探与钻探,发现老爷庙水域沉船事件与该区气象、水文动力条件和地质地层结构等因素密切相关。根据对老爷庙水域沉船记录、气象观测数据和两处代表性钻孔的分析发现,老爷庙水域沉没的船只大都掩埋于水底16.1 m至31.3 m厚的第四系全新统细砂和淤泥质地层中,这不仅与该区全年≥8级风的日数有163 d左右、平均约3 d就有一次大风有关,而且与该处位于弯道螺旋环流区有关。进入老爷庙水域后,水面骤然变狭窄,造成水流的弯道环流与狭管效应,使流速逐步增大到1.54~2.00 m/s,且在主槽外还产生涡流,船只被大风掀翻后受老爷庙一侧凹岸弯道螺旋环流掏蚀作用影响,易被卷入湖底厚度大且结构松散、较塑至流塑状、易在缩经与塌孔的Q_(4)细砂和淤泥质土层中被掩埋,这是老爷庙水域至今仍有沉船还被掩埋在淤泥和砂层中未能打捞出来的原因所在。从沉船记录看,船员虽未选择≥8级风的天气在此航行,但由于此区存在弯道螺旋环流,4~6级风的天气就易造成沉船事件。因此关注大风天气和风向的突变以及弯道螺旋环流是确保在该区航行安全的关键。
Poyang Lake is located in the north of Jiangxi Province and the South Bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In the waters of Laoyemiao in Poyang Lake,more than 100 vessels have sunk and disappeared in the past half century.Therefore,the waters are called‘Chinese Bermuda’.There are different opinions on the causes of the shipwreck.Previous studies on underwater archaeology and geophysical surveys have been carried out in this area,but the exact causes of the shipwreck have not yet been identified.The authors have made many meteorological,hydrological,and geological surveys,geophysical exploration,and drilling in the area.It is found that the shipwreck in the Laoyemiao waters is closely related to the weather,hydrological dynamics,and geological strata structure of the area.According to the analysis of shipwreck records,meteorological observation data and seven representative boreholes in the waters of Laoyemiao,it is found that most of the sunk vessels were buried in the fine sand and silty sediments of 16.1 m to 31.3 m deep.This is not only related to the number of days with wind speed above 8 m/s in the whole year of Laoyemiao waters,but also to a gale in about 3 d on average.It is also related to the spiral circulation area in the bend.In Laoyemiao water area,the water surface suddenly narrowed,resulting in the bend circulation and narrow pipe effect of the water flow,which gradually increased the flow rate to 1.54~2.00 m/s,and generated eddy current outside the main channel.After the ship was overturned by the gale,it was affected by the erosion of spiral circulation in the concave side of the concave bank of Laoyemiao.It is easy to be involved in the thick lake bottom,loose structure,plastic to flow plastic shape,easy to be buried in Q_(4) fine sand and silt soil layer which shrink through and collapse holes.This is the reason why there are sinking ships still buried in mud and sand layer in Laoyemiao water area.According to the sinking records,although the crew did not choose the weather with force 8 wind,the ship sinking event was easily caused by force 4~6 wind due to the spiral circulation of the bend in this area.Therefore,the key to ensure the safety of navigation in the area is to pay attention to the sudden changes of wind speed and wind direction and spiral circulation of the curve.
作者
朱诚
张奇
陈星
徐长青
水涛
蔡天赦
ZHU Cheng;ZHANG Qi;CHEN Xing;XU Changqing;SHUI Tao;CAI Tianshe(School of Geographical and Oceanographical Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangxi Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Nanchang 330008,China;School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期198-208,共11页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571179)。
关键词
鄱阳湖
老爷庙水域
沉船事件
气象因子
成因分析
Poyang Lake
Laoyemiao waters
shipwreck incident
meteorological factor
cause analysis
