摘要
在空气污染问题尚未得到有效解决的背景下,理清空气污染与劳动者劳动供给行为及人力资本效能的关系,有助于为优势人力资本发挥、环境规制政策制定、环境治理投资收益评价提供参考。研究利用2014、2016和2018年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据及空气质量指数(AQI),采用多层次回归模型从微观视角考察了空气污染对个体劳动供给和人力资本效能发挥的影响,并利用逐步检验法、bootstrap法等分析方法检验了三者之间的机制关系。研究结果表明:①空气污染会显著抑制劳动者劳动供给,但收入的增加会在一定程度上降低空气污染带来的负面影响。②空气污染对不同群体劳动者劳动供给行为的影响具有显著的异质性特征。老龄劳动者、低人力资本水平劳动者及非城市户籍劳动者会因空气污染的加重更多地降低劳动供给。③通过进一步机制检验发现,空气污染会显著降低个体劳动生产率,并负作用于劳动力集聚,进而阻碍人力资本效能的发挥,降低个体劳动供给,这种影响机制在不同群体劳动者间呈现出明显差异性。④劳动供给模型拓展方面,个人社会保障程度、所在家庭主事者是否是独生子女等因素都是影响个体劳动供给的重要因素。个人受社会保障的程度越高,个体劳动供给越倾向于降低;所在家庭主事者是独生子女的劳动者会倾向于减少其劳动供给。因此,继续推进环境规制,优化城市空气质量,并合理处理环境规制与就业之间的关系,不仅有助于缓解人口老龄化带来的劳动供给不足压力,还将有助于推动中国劳动力资源的合理流动,促进人力资本效能的发挥,助推中国经济的高质量发展。
Since the problem of air pollution has not been effectively solved,clarifying the relationship among air pollution,labor supply behavior and human capital efficiency will be helpful to exert the advantage of human capital,formulate environmental regulation policies,and evaluate the return of investment in environmental governance.Based on data from China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,2018,and the Air Quality Index(AQI),by using the Multilevel Regression Model,this study observed the effects of air pollution on individual labor supply and the utilization rate of human capital efficiency from a microscopic perspective,and used the gradual approach and the bootstrap method to test the relationship among them.The results indicated that:①Air pollution had high depression on the labor supply of workers,but the negative influence of it could be decreased by rising the income of workers.②For different labor groups,the effect of air pollution on the labor supply had significant heterogeneous characteristics.Aggravation of air pollution could lead to decreased labor supply from the low human capital labor,especially the aging labor and nonurban workers.③The results of further mechanism verification showed that air pollution significantly reduced the productivity of individual labor,and had a negative effect on the concentration of labor,thus hindering the utilization rate of the human capital to reduce the individual labor supply.These mechanisms had different influence on different labor groups.④In the development of labor supply model,many factors could affect the individual labor supply,such as the level of personal social security,and whether the head of the family is an only child.Those with high level personal social security or with the head of the family being the only child tended to reduce their labor supply.Thus,promoting environmental regulation,improving air quality and coordinating the relations between the environmental regulation and employment reasonably will not only contribute to easing the pressure of the insufficient labor supply caused by the aging of the population,but also help to promote the rational flow of labor resource in China.In addition,these measures will also help to increase the utilization rate of the human capital to achieve high-quality economic development in China.
作者
杨艳
刘子菁
YANG Yan;LIU Zijing(School of Economics,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610065,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期68-77,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国政府规制效率对企业制度性交易成本的影响研究”(批准号:16BJY067)。
关键词
空气污染
劳动供给
人力资本效能发挥
air pollution
labor supply
effectiveness of human capital
