摘要
个人信息权利束指包括个人信息主体知情、决定、查询、更正、复制、删除等权能在内的一组权利集合。我国民法学界通常将权利束的性质理解为个人自主控制范式下的民事权利,并将其解释为个人信息权的具体权能。这种理解对个人信息权利束的性质和功能存在一定的误读。从权利性质看,个人信息权利束是国家履行积极保护义务、通过制度性保障对个人进行赋权的结果,本质是国家在“保护法”理念下赋予个人的保护手段和工具;从功能上看,个人信息权利束既是个人制衡信息处理者的工具,也是国家对数据处理者的规制策略。从国家保护和规制策略视角理解权利束的性质和功能,有助于更好地建构“保护法”理念下公正、透明、理性的数据治理公法秩序,促进数据治理体系的结构优化和能力提升。作为国家规制策略中的工具性权利,个人信息权利束的实践展开,首先需要注重程序正义下个体的知情、参与和双方的交涉促进,同时在分配正义下合理配置个人与信息处理者之间的权利义务,不断发展和提升国家的规制理性。
The package of personal information rights refers to a set of rights belonging to the subject of personal information,including the right to know,decide,inquire,correct,copy,delete,etc.Such a package of rights is usually understood in civil rights legal circles in China as a civil right falling under the paradigm of individual autonomy and control,and is interpreted as a specific right to personal information.This understanding somewhat misinterprets the nature and function of the package of personal information rights.In terms of nature,the package of personal information rights is the outcome of the state’s obligation to actively protect and empower individuals through institutional safeguards,and is thus essentially a means and tool of protection granted to individuals by the state under the concept of"protective law."From a functional point of view,the package of personal information rights is both a tool for individuals to check and balance information processors and a strategy for the state to regulate data processors.Understanding the nature and functions of the package of rights from the perspective of state protection and regulation strategies helps to construct a more fair,transparent and rational order of public law data governance under the concept of "protective law"and promotes the structural optimization and capacity enhancement of the data governance system.As an instrumental right under the state’s regulatory strategy,the implementation of the package of personal information rights needs to focus on facilitating the individual’s knowledge,participation and ability to negotiate under procedural justice,as well as the reasonable allocation of rights and obligations between individuals and information processors under distributive justice,so as to continuously develop and enhance the state’s regulatory rationality.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第11期115-134,206,207,共22页
Social Sciences in China
