摘要
种子休眠是由外界环境因素或者种子自身遗传特性诱导产生的,是具有生活力的种子在有利环境下仍不能萌发的现象。种子休眠与萌发是2种既相互区别又相互联系的发育状态,具有休眠特性的种子只有休眠解除才可能萌发,种子休眠在一定程度上决定其发芽所需的环境。为了对种子休眠与萌发现象有更全面的认识,本文在收集国内外林木种子休眠、休眠解除及萌发研究文献的基础上,总结了常见林木种子休眠产生的原因以及休眠类型划分系统,探讨休眠产生的机制,阐述内源激素调控种子休眠、阐述光信号调控种子休眠、Ca^(2+)调控种子休眠、基因控制种子休眠、细胞膜变论等学说;概述了种子通过层积处理、物理方法、化学方法以及激素等解除休眠的方法;种子恢复吸胀则表示已进入萌发阶段,其伴随着形态、生理生化及分子层面的复杂变化。同时讨论当前研究的薄弱之处,并提出应对种子休眠与萌发的启动转录、基因调控、遗传表达等分子调控机制展开更深入的研究,以期为林木种子休眠解除与萌发机制方面的研究提供依据,为林木种子贮存、苗木繁育、种植推广及开发利用等提供参考。
Seed dormancy is induced by external environmental factors or seed genetic characteristics,and it is a phenomenon that the viable seeds cannot germinate under a favorable environment.Seed dormancy and germination are two different and interrelated developmental states.Dormant seeds can enter into the germination state only after the dormancy isreleased.Seed dormancy to a certain extent determines the environment required for germination.In order to have a more comprehensive understanding ofseed dormancy and germination,this paper summarizes the causes of common forest seed dormancy and the classification system of the dormancy types based on the domestic and foreign literature regarding forest seed dormancy,dormancy release,and germination.Furthermore,in this paper we discuss the mechanism of seed dormancy,especially the theory of endogenous hormone regulating seed dormancy,expound the theories of light signal-regulating seed dormancy,Ca^(2+)regulating seed dormancy and gene controlling seed dormancy,cell membrane changes,etc;The methods of seed dormancy release by stratification,physical methods,chemical methods,and hormone treatments are summerized.The recovery of imbibition indicates that the seed has entered the germination stage,which is accompanied by complex changes in morphology,physiology,biochemistry,and molecular level.Moreover,this paper also discusses the limitation of current research and proposes that more in-depth research should be carried out on the molecular regulation mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination,such as initiation of transcription,gene regulation,genetic expression,in order to provide a basis for the study on dormancy and germination mechanism of forest seeds and provide a reference for forest seed storage,seedling breeding,planting promotion and development,and utilization.
作者
王艳梅
张小雪
朱秀征
张志华
李志
耿晓东
蔡齐飞
刘震
Wang Yanmei;Zhang Xiaoxue;Zhu Xiuzheng;Zhang Zhihua;Li Zhi;Geng Xiaodong;Cai Qifei;Liu Zhen(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Central Plains Forest Resources Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期128-144,共17页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
国家林业和草原局林业科技发展项目(生物安全与遗传资源管理项目):山桐子遗传资源遗传多样性调查与评价(KJZXSA2019041)。
关键词
种子休眠
影响因素
调控机理
休眠解除
种子萌发
seed dormancy
influencing factors
regulatory mechanism
dormancy release
seed germination
